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VOCABULARY  OF  MALAYSIAN  BASKET- 
WORK;  A STUDY  IN  THE  W.  L. 
ABBOTT  COLLECTIONS 

BY 

OTIS  T.  MASON 

Head  Curator,  Department  of  Anthropology,  U.  S.  National  Museum 


No.  1631. — From  the  Proceedings  of  the  United  States  National  Museum, 
Vol.  XXXV,  pages  1-51,  with  Plates  I-XVII 


Published  November  7,  1908 


% 

. .« 

« 

Washington 

Government  Printing  Office 


1908 


VOCABULARY  OF  MALAYSIAN  BASKET- 
WORK:  A STUDY  IN  THE  W.  L. 
ABBOTT  COLLECTIONS 


BY 

OTIS  T.  MASON 

Head  Curator,  Department  of  Anthropology,  U.  S.  National  Museum 


No.  1631.— From  the  Proceedings  of  the  United  States  National  Museum, 
Vol.  XXXV,  pages  1-51,  with  Plates  I-XVII 

Published  November  7,  1908 


Washington 

Government  Printing  Office 


1908 


VOCABULAEY  OF  MALAYSIAN  BASKETWORK:  A 
STUDY  IN  THE  W.  L.  ABBOTT  COLLECTIONS. 


By  Otis  T.  Mason, 

Head  Curator,  Depatdment  of  Anthropology,  U,  8.-  National  Museum. 


INTRODUCTION. 

This  vocabulary  is  the  result  of  studies  in  large  collections  of  bas- 
ketwork  from  the  Andamans  and  Nicobars,  the  Peninsula  of 
Malacca,  Sumatra  and  the  islands  thereabout,  and  Borneo  south  of 
Sarawak,  with  the  view  of  having  a lucid  nomenclature  in  describing 
the  Abbott  specimens  more  at  length  in  a larger  work.  The  collec- 
tions Avere  personally  gathered  and  presented  to  the  United  States 
National  Museum  by  Dr.  William  L.  Abbott,  of  Philadelphia. 

The  Abbott  collections  are  of  greatest  scientific  A^alue  as  types, 
because  after  studying  the  wants  of  the  Museum  he  labeled  each 
specimen  carefully  according  to  the  latest  requirements,  and  they 
come  in  the  most  opportune  time  to  compare  with  the  A^ast  material 
noAv  being  sent  from  the  Philippines.  The  Abbott  collections  also 
ally  themselves  Avith  the  textile  handicrafts  of  Japan,  China,  the 
southeastern  Asiatic  states,  and  the  islands  of  the  Pacific. 

The  terms  “ basketry  ” and  basketAvork  ” are  here  taken  to  em- 
brace all  handicrafts  used  in  the  manufacture  of  Malaysian  baskets 
proper  and  in  other  industries  as  Avell,  in  which  the  same  technical 
processes  occur.  Later  will  be  shown  the  A^aried  and  wide  applica- 
tion of  the  terms. 

The  Avord  Malaysia  is  preferred  to  Malaya,  since  the  latter,  as  com- 
monly used,  is  more  restricted.  The  term  also  leaATS  room  for  tlie 
racial  diversities  kiioAvn  to  exist  from  the  Philippines  to  the  Sunda 
Islands. 

Plate  I shoAvs  hoAv  difFerent  in  form,  structure,  and  technic  the 
Malaysian  basketAvork  is.  The  figures  on  the  jilate,  beginning  at  the 
left,  are  fii’st,  a carrying  basket  (Cat.  No.  282()38,  U.S.N.M.),  in  close 
oblique  checker  Aveaving,  of  pandaiius.  At  the 'border  the  elements 
are  turned  doAvn  over  a hoop  and  iiiAATiATii.  The  carrying  zone  is 
bound  by  tAvo  small  stems  run  through  the  texture,  forming  a band 

Proceedings  U.  S.  National  Museum.  Vol.  XXXV— No.  1 631 . 

I’roe.  X.  M.  vol.  xxxv — 08 1 


4 


PROCEEDIXG.S  OF  THE  XATIOXAL  MUISEUM. 


VOL.  XXXV. 


Malays:  General  brown  people,  in  many  subdivisions,  ethnic  and 
cultural. 

Mincopi:  Aborigines  of  Andaman  Islands. 

Xiasese:  Of  Xias  Island,  west  of  Sumatra. 

Xicobarese.  (See  Sliompeng.) 

Sakais:  On  the  Malay  Peninsula. 

Sellungs:  In  Mergui  Archipelago,  west  of  Malay  Peninsula. 

Semangs:  An  aljoriginal  i)eople  of  Malacca  Peninsula. 

Sliompeng:  Aborigines  of  the  Xicobar  Islands. 

VOCABULARY. 

Ahhreviations. — If  they  are  to  be  used,  the  following  rules  are 
suggested:  In  bibliography,  those  adopted  for  the  International 
Catalogue  would  be  the  best.  For  special  basketry  expedients  the 
letter  x may  stand  for  an  indefinite  number,  as  in  the  sentence,  “ At 
the  upsett,  about  the  carrying  band,  and  on  the  borders  of  burden 
baskets,  x rows  of  clo.se  work  are  added  for  additional  strength.” 

There  would  be  no  obscurity  in  putting  ver.,  hor.,  dex.,  and  sin. 
for  vertical,  horizontal,  dextral,  and  sinistral,  in  de.scribing  the  in- 
tricate technic  of  certain  classes  of  basketwork.  Also,  in  describing 
twilled  work,  the  fractional  formula  may  be  employed,  for  example, 

"2  dex. 

under-two-over-one,”  could  be  q-;  or  hor.  = — ^ would  mean  ‘‘the 
’ 1 ’ sm. 

horizontal  splits  all  pass  under  the  dextral  and  over  the  sinistral 
splits.”  Care  should  be  taken  to  explain  what  is  meant  by  an  ab- 
breviation and  to  have  it  signify  always  the  same  idea. 

Dr.  J.  Lehmann  reduces  the  whole  nomenclature  of  loomless  textiles 
(Gellechtsarten ) to  formulae,  in  which  Koman  and  Arabic  numerals, 
capitals,  and  lower-case  type,  and  Greek  letters  are  employed  to  show 
at  a glance  the  most  intricate  textures. 

Added  farts. — Include  all  attachments  for  adapting  baskets  to 
their  specialties.  The  betel  basket  will  have  pockets  for  the  different 
substances;  at  the  bottom  of  the  bolo  basket  will  be  a block  of  spongy 
wood  to  receive  the  ]:>oint ; the  bird  cage,  the  fish  basket,  the  protector 
for  hot  food,  will  all  be  fitted  for  their  several  functions. 

Amhong. — General  Malay  name  for  a carrying  or  burden  basket. 

Aid. — The  Malaysian  basket-makers  practice  something  like  sew- 
ing and  make  hundreds  of  fine  holes  for  the  rattan  filaments  that  do 
the  work  of  thread.  The  holes  are  made  with  piercers  (see  Pierced 
work).,  but  as  the  effect  is  produced  by  a thrust,  with  revolutions,  the 
instruments  will  be  described  and  illustrated  under  Drill.  (See 
Plate  IV.) 

Backpad. — A smooth  piece  of  spathe  or  bark  sewed  on  the  side  of 
a burden  basket  that  is  worn  against  the  naked  back  of  the  carrier. 
Though  this  type  of  basket  has  rounded  body,  the  squared  foot  and 


xo.  1G31.  roCABVLARY  OF  MALAYSfrAY  BA8KETWORK—MASOX.  5 

framework  and  the  fixed  backpad  make  it  proper  to  speak  of  sides. 
(See  Plate  III.) 

Bajus. — In  Nias,  jackets  made  of  hark  cloth,  which  see. 

Bamboo  skin. — The  outer  skin  of  young  bamboo  stems,  when 
peeled  off  and  properly  cured,  is  used  like  spathe  and  bast  for  making 
hats  and  for  other  smooth  textures. 

Bamboo  work. — To  the  natives  of  Malaysia,  bamboo  stems  serve 
the  double  use  of  receptacles  and  as  the  basis  and  material  for  much 
basketry  technic.  Bamboo  is  the  common  name  for  the  large  tree-like 
grasses  belonging  to  the  genus  Bambusa,  of  which  more  than  thirty 
species  are  known.  Some  send  up  canes  from  their  rhizomes  50  to  GO 
feet  high  in  a single  season.  In  others,  one  of  the  hollow  internodes 
may  reach  a foot  in  diameter  and  more  than  3 feet  in  length.  The 
bamboo  canes  are  employed  for  no  end  of  uses  in  Malaysia,  both 
whole  and  split.  Masts,  sails,  mats,  roofs,  walls,  floors,  furniture,  and 
the  finest  baskets  are  made  from  stems,  leaves,  and  finely-shredded 
outer  skin. 

Bark  cloth. — The  bast,  or  inner  bark,  of  Ficus  bicuspis  and  other 
exogens  is  beaten  into  tapa,  narrow  strips  of  which  form  the  harness 
for  attaching  the  burden  basket  to  the  body  of  the  carrier. 

Barkwork. — The  various  uses  of  bark  in  the  basket-making  art — 
outer  bark  and  inner  bark  of  exogens,  both  natural  and  textilized. 
The  large  bracts  of  leaves  and  spathes  of  flowers  and  the  green  skin 
of  bamboo  stems  do  most  excellent  service  in  the  making  and  fitting 
of  receptacles.  (See  Tapa.)  These  substances  are  rounded  with  the 
grain  as  they  grew  on  the  plant  or  across  the  grain  and  wrapped 
about  a mold.  They  are  cut  into  large  pieces,  to  be  made  into  hats  or 
into  strips  to  be  woven.  (See  Plate  I.) 

Basketwork. — The  basket,  in  Malaysia  as  elsewhere,  is  a receptacle 
and  a vehicle.  The  myriad  utensils  there  performing  these  functions 
go  by  the  general  name  of  basketry.  The  numberless  varieties  of 
loomless  handicrafts  in  flexile  materials  to  be  found  in  and  on  bas- 
kets may  be  grouped  under  the  word  “ basketwork.”  These  same 
processes  in  other  associations  may  bear  different  names.  In  mate- 
rials, Malaysian  jieoples  would  have  barkwork,  canework,  leafwork, 
rootwork,  spathework,  and  stemwork.  Or,  if  necessary,  one  could 
speak  of  bamboo  work,  “ ejoo  ” work  (meaning  the  long,  black,  tough 
hairs  on  the  wine  palm),  palm-leaf  work,  pandanus  work,  rattan 
work,  and  as  many  more  kinds  as  there  might  be  substances  fui*- 
nishing  the  chief  material. 

In  all  these  operations  there  is  the  attempt  to  produce  a utensil  or 
to  imitate  its  j)rocesses  on  or  in  something  else.  Looked  at  from  the 
naturalist’s  point  of  view,  all  the  things  here  in  mind  have  structures 
and  functions,  and  may  be  studied  as  specimens  for  scientific  investi- 
gation. In  structure,  the  objects  are  made  of  flexile,  or  flexible  mate- 


6 


PROCEEDING.^  OE  THE  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 


VOL.  XXXV. 


rials,  into  this,  that,  or  the  other;  but  one  characteristic  remains — the 
material  is  pliant  and  pliable  and  is  used  by  bending  it  into  place. 

Another  step  in  the  structural  history  of  textiles  before  reaching 
the  functional  stage,  may  be  called  the  “ technic,”  under  Avhich  the 
material  becomes  a knot,  a braid,  a chain,  a tAA’ine,  a AA^eft,  a coil,  a 
lacing — all  done  by  hand,  AA'ithout  loom  or  other  substitute  for  hand- 
Avork,  and  all  assembled  as  contributors  in  that  intricate  composition 
called  basket A\mrk. 

Tender  function,  tAAm  things  come  to  pass:  The  true  basketAAmrk 
multiplies  its  offices  and  becomes  AA^alls,  tloor,  matting,  and  roof  for 
the  house : hat,  shoe,  garment,  and  adornment  for  the  body ; covering 
and  ottering  for  the  dead ; the  minister  of  industries  and  decoratiA^e 
arts,  Avhere  it  is  no  longer  receptacle  nor  A^ehicle.  (See  Uses.) 

It  is  in  this  broad  acceptation  that  the  Avord  basketAVork  is  here 
used.  AVhateA^er  processes  have  been  absorbed  by  the  basket-maker 
Avill  be  taken  into  consideration,  no  matter  if  they  be  employed  else- 
Avhere.  Indeed,  some  of  the  prettiest  examples  of  basketAvork  are  to 
be  found  on  shields,  shafts  of  spears,  hilts  of  edged  Aveapons,  and  in 
jAersonal  ornaments.  They  also  furnish  motiA^es  for  the  carver  and 
])ainter. 

The  term  “ Malaysian  basketAvork  ” Avill  be  made  comprehensive 
enough  to  cover  all  textile  Avork  that  is  loomless.  As  one  example 
among  many,  the  bamboo  stem  is  not  basketAvork,  but  (1)  its  joints 
are  made  into  receptacles  and  vehicles;  (2)  basketAvork  Avill  be  put 
on  them  before  they  can  be  useful;  and  (3)  the  tough  and  flexible 
and  beautiful  outer  surface  renders  a Avide  range  of  textile  services. 
The  same  may  be  said  of  the  pandanus  and  other  leaves,  Avhich  lend 
themselves  to  basketry,  so  everything  made  of  them  may  be  studied 
in  basketAvork. 

Marsden  (p.  55)  says  that  baskets,  “ bronong  baccole,”  are  a con- 
siderable part  of  the  furniture  of  a Sumatran  house  and  the  number  is 
the  token  of  the  OAvner’s  Avealth.  In  them  his  harvests  of  rice  or 
pepper  are  gathered  and  brought  home.  They  are  made  of  slices  of 
bamboo  connected  by  means  of  split  rattans,  and  are  carried  chiefly 
by  the  Avomen,  on  the  back,  supported  by  a string  or  band  across  the 
forehead. 

Bastwork. — ( See  Barhwork. ) 

Beading. — Kibbon-like  strips  of  pretty  material  run  into  open 
basketAvork,  for  decoration. 

Bejuco. — Also  Behuco.  (See  Calamus.) 

Belaying. — The  process  thus  named  by  sailors  is  used  by  the  Abbott 
peoples  as  an  ornamental  knotAvork  on  the  borders  of  baskets,  Avhich 
seems  to  be  the  original  meaning  of  overlaying.  The  Dyak  basket- 
makers  tuck  the  moving  part  under  the  passive  parts  in  passing  and 


NO.  1631.  VOCABULARY  OF  MALAYSIAN  BASKETWORK— MASON . 7 

make  a kind  of  false  braid  or  knotwork.  (See  also  Figure-of-8 
work.)  Captain  Tozier  calls  it  “overhand-knot  in  single  strand.” 

Betel  basket. — One  of  the  forms  of  basketry  on  which  the  Malay- 
sian craftswoman  expends  her  utmost  skill.  Betel  is  chewed  uni- 
versally after  the  manner  of  tobacco.  The  quid  is  made  up  of  betel 
nut,  pepper  leaf,  and  dry  slaked  lime.  Marsden  says  (p.  Y4)  that 
the  “ penang,”  or  betel-nut  tree,  is  in  growth  and  appearance  not 
unlike  the  cocoanut.  The  betel  is  the  astringent  seed  of  this  palm 
l^Areca  catechu)^  about  as  large  as  a nutmeg.  Large  plantations  are 
made  of  the  “ siri  ” {Piper  betel) , a creeping  plant,  whose  leaf,  of  a- 
strong  aromatic  flavor,  they  wrap  about  the  nut,  dip  in  powdered^ 
lim.e,  and  put  into  the  mouth.  The  basket  for  holding  all  these  and 
the  utensils  that  belong  with  them  is  quite  an  exquisite  affair,  hung 
to  the  belt.  (See  figs.  31,  32.) 

Bird  Cage. — See  Technic. 

Body. — The  part  of  a basket  above  the  bottom,  for  which  all  other 
]oarts  exist  and  to  which  they  are  attached.  The  materials,  shapes, 
structural  parts  and  their  relations,  technics,  attachments,  and  decora- 
tions demand  the  closest  study,  inasmuch  as  they  furnish  the  best 
means  for  classification.  Okey  speaks  of  the  body  as  “ sides.”  This 
is  quite  proper  in  Malaysia,  since  a large  proportion  of  the  baskets 
are  attached  to  the  person  and  have  back  and  front  and  sides  differ- 
entiated. Especial  notice  should  be  taken  of  the  relations  which 
added  parts  bear  to  the  body.  In  some  examples  they  are  worked  in 
when  the  body  is  forming;  in  others  they  are  added  afterwards.  (See 
Carrying  basket.,  Cover.,  Framework.,  OrnaAnentation.,  Rim.,  Technic., 
Upsett^  Warp^  Weaving^  Weft.) 

Cat.  No.  221534,  U.S.N.M.,  Plate  II,  is  a burden  basket  from  Siaba 
Bay,  Nias  Island,  west  of  Sumatra,  illustrating  in  an  excellent  man- 
ner the  diversified  technic  that  may  be  connected  Avith  it. 

1.  The  body  is  a cylinder  of  rattan  in  three  forms  and  Avoven  in 
three  directions.  The  horizontal  elements  are  thin  hoops;  the  right 
obliques  are  slender  splits  latticed  on  tlie  hoops  half  an  inch  apart 
and  slightly  inclined ; the  left  obliques  are  the  active  uniting  elements, 
being  also  slender  splits,  going  inside  the  hoops  and  outside  the  right 
obliques,  lying  fiat  against  the  former  and  making  a tAvist  or  curl 
around  the  latter  each  time  one  is  passed.  The  loAver  portion  of  the 
body  is  in  quite  open  Avork,  but  above  the  strengthening  hoop  the 
technic  is  as  close  as  possible. 

2.  The  attachments  and  accessory  technics  to  the  body  of  this  speci- 
men are  many,  {a)  The  foot  is  a hooj),  Avhose  0A^erla])ping  ends  are 
joined  by  wrapping  and  Avhich  is  held  on  by  a seAving  in  long  stitches. 
{b)  The  frameAvork  consists  of  uprights  of  rattan  s])lits  doubled 
over  the  hoop  of  the  carrying  zone,  lashed  to  the  body  and  to  the 
bottom  by  a series  of  Malay  knotAvork. 


8 


PROCEEDIXaS  OF  THE  XATTOXAL  }fUSEU^r 


VOL.  XXXV. 


8.  CaiTving  parts  are  the  stout  liooj)  on  tlie  body  a few  inches 
from  the  top,  answering  to  a hoop  on  the  inside,  for  backing,  and  all 
held  to  the  body  technic  hy  a series  of  knots.  On  the  two  uprights 
that  limit  the  back  of  the  body  are  knotted  loops,  or  grommets,  for 
the  carrying  band  of  soft  bark  cloth. 

4.  Borderwork  Avill  always  l)e  a chief  point  of  interest.  In  this 
exam])le  it  consists  of  two  half  hoops  of  rattan  fitted  against  the 
upper  rim  of  the  body,  a thin  piece  of  rattan  laid  over  the  joint,  and 
all  neatly  bound  Avith  tAvo  sets  of  knots  close  together,  their  connect- 
ing splits  pi'ettily  interAvoven.  In  other  examples  three  or  more  sets 
.*of  knots  produce  broad  bands  of  ornamental  Avork  by  their  ihter- 
AveaAung. 


Fkl  1. — Close,  oblique  checkerwork  with  inwoven  border,  showing  finished  basket 

AND  DETAIL  OP  BORDER. 


B ordemcorlc . — If  the  upper  margin  of  the  body  technic  in  a basket 
be  called  “rim,”  borderAvork  Avill  apply  to  that  great  variety  of  treat- 
ment bestoAved  by  Malaysiaii  basket-makers  upon  the  margin,  or 
rim.  Some  of  the  American  Indian  Avomen  were  not  far  behind  them.® 
It  is  the  jDart  receiving  the  most  scrupulous  care  on  account  of  strain 
and  stress,  but  it  offered  to  decorative  motives  their  best  oppor- 
tunities. Here  Avill  be  found  braidAvork,  coiledAvork,  hoopAVork, 
knotAvork,  and  tAvinedAvork.  All  at  once  the  basket-maker  is  thinking 
hoAV  best  to  fasten  off  body  technic  at  the  rim ; Avhat  technic  shall 
the  distinctive  borderAvork  receive.  Here  terminates  also  the  frame- 
Avork,  here  rests  the  coA^er,  and  hoAv  shall  they  all  be  harmonized. 
Practically,  borders  are  checker,  double-hoop,  tAvo-hoop,  thin  hoop, 
sloping  shoulder,  Avrapped,  moused,  interlocking  helical,  and  iiiAvoven. 


See  Eimnoiis,  ]Mem.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  New  York,  1003,  III,  Pt.  2. 


NO.  1631.  VOCABULARY  OF  MALAYBIAY  BABKET^YORK—MABOY[. 


9 


Cat.  No.  232672,  U.S.N.M.  (fig.  1.),  is  an  example  of  oblique 
checkerwork  in  pandanus  leaf,  and  the  accompanying  drawings 
show  the  detail  of  bending  downward  and  tuck-in  at  the  border. 
The  basket-maker  has  achieved  two 
good  results ; she  has  given  a 
neat  and  safe  finish  and,  by  turn- 
ing checker  into  f twill,  adds  the 
ornamental  feature  of  variety. 

There  is  no  end  of  the  ways  in 
which  the  Malaysian  basket-makers 
do  their  tucked  borders.  (See  also 
Plates  I,  XVII,  and  figs.  2-6. 

Cat.  No.  244280,  U.S.N.M.  (fig. 

2),  shows  an  example  of  figure- 
of-8  borderwork  on  plain  checker 
or  in  wicker.  The  borderwork 
movement  of  each  split  is  seen  in 
the  upper  drawing  {a).  The  result 
of  using  two  splits  of  different  colors  is  given  in  front  {h)  and 
back  (c)  view  in  the  drawings. 

Cat.  No.  221538,  U.S.N.M.  (fig.  3),  illustrates  borderwork  in  which 
are  combined  a pretty  braided  effect  on  the  upper  margin  with  loops 


deep  enough  to  take  in  several  rows  of  body  technic.  This  is  often 
necessary  not  only  for  strengtli,  but  to  cover  uji  stiff',  unsightly  ends 
ever  obtruding  themselves  in  the  bamboo  and  rattan  country. 


PROCEEDlXaS  OF  THE  XATIOXAL  MUSEUM. 


VOL.  XXXV. 


10 

Cat.  Xo.  232030,  U.S.X.M.  (fig.  4),  is  borderwork  in  which  a row 
of  stitf  warps  are  turned  down  betAveen  tAvo  half  hoops  of  rattan, 
the  Avhole  bound  together  by  tAA’o  series  of  Malay  knotAA^ork  and  the 

ugly  gap  betAA^een 
the  hoops  covered 
by  three  roAvs 
of  wrapped  Aveft 
done  in  the  tops 
of  the  turns  in 
the  Malay  knots. 
The  upper  draAv- 
ing  {a)  shows 
side  AueAv  of  the 
w a r p s,  h o o p s, 
knot  series,  and 
the  covering  of 
the  space  betAveen  hoops.  The  loAver  (h)  gives  a top  vieAv  of  the 
three  Avrapped  Avefts  so  interlaced  as  to  produce  a three-strand  braid 
etfect  on  the  upper 
turns  of  the  knots. 

Cat.  Xos.  221510, 

221523, and  221513, 

U.  S.  X.  M.,  are 
brought  together 
(fig.  5)  to  shoAV  the 
procedure  from  a 
simple  turn  in  bor- 
der to  more  com- 
plex forms  Avithout 
recourse  to  knot- 
Avork  of  any  kind. 

It  is  AvickerAAmrk  on 
Avarps  in  pairs.  The 
borderAvork  in  the 
upper  drawing 
shoAvs  the  bending 
doAvn  of  one  of 
each  pair  to  the 
right,  the  other  to 
the  left,  skipping 
t h e neighboring 
pair  in  each  case  and  thrusting  the  ends  into  the  Avickerwork  tAvo 
Avarps  aAvay. 

In  the  middle  drawing  this  border  serves  as  the  basis  of  twined 
work  among  the  bends  of  the  warps,  the  separate  elements  of  the 
twine  being  stems  in  pairs. 


Fig,  5. — Ends  of  warps  turned  down  for  borderwork. 


NO.  1631.  rOGABULARY  OF  MALAY  Bl  AY  BASKET  WORK— MASON. 


In  the  lower  drawing  it  is  braidwork  among  the  bends  and  the 
stems  are  in  twms  and  fours. 

Cat.  No.  221516,  U.S.N.M.,  gives  a border  in  braidwork  without 
knotwork  (fig.  6),  in  Avhich  three  stems  of  rattan  braid  together  in 
pairs,  ah,  ac,  he,  over  the  bends  of  warps.  Such  combinations  are 
found  on  ornamental  baskets  in  wickerwork. 

Bottomieork. — Malaysian  basketry,  though  it  varies  greatly,  finds 
its  prime  motive  in  the  bottomwork,  especially  the  burden  baskets, 


with  their  square  footing  and  framework  for  cylindrical  and  conical 
bodies.  A deal  of  bottomwork  is  siin})lest  checker  or  twilled  ivork 
in  what  will  be  the  stakes,  the  ivarp,  the  active  elements  in  forming 
the  body.  Added  to  these  will  be  the  stifiening  }>arts,  the  footing, 
the  knotting,  the  sewing,  and  the  staying  j)arts,  or  accessories.  The 
following  varieties  are  easily  distinguished : 

1.  Bottom  and  body  in  one  indistinguishable. 

2.  Bottom  in  similar  technic,  much  j)lainer. 

3.  Bottom  elements  all  warps  of  sides. 


12 


PROCEEDiya^  OF  THE  XATJOXAL  MVEEUM. 


VOL.  XXXV. 


4.  Bottom  bounded  by  upsett  in  different  technic. 

5.  Bottom  with  foot. 

().  Bottom  separate  and  set  in. 

7.  Bottom  entirely  movable. 

Cat.  No.  232636, 1'^.S.N.M.,  is  a type  of  bottom  seen  in  a great  nnm- 
l)er  of  Malaysian  baskets  (fig.  T).  It  consists  of  two  series  of  thin 
splits  latticed  at  right  angles  in  their  middles.  They  are  held  securely 
in  })lace  by  a double  row  of  boustrophic  twinedwork  forming  the 
up.sett.  and  also  braced  by  single  rows  of  twining  crossed  diagonally. 
Tlie  splits  are  then  all  bent  up  at  right  angles  to  become  the  warps 

of  the  body,  which 
is  built  up  by  vari- 
ous technics  over  a 
mold.  (See  Mold- 
ing.) 

Fig.  8 (Cat.  No. 
221513.  U.S.N.M.) 
shows  the  bottom 
of  a globular  wick- 
er basket.  Fifteen 
rattan  stems  in 
groups  of  fives  laid 
side  by  side  are 
bent  and  laid  on 
and  under  one  an- 
other so  that  each 
stem  will  cross 
one  from  another 
group,  all  in  place 
resembling  curved 
spokes  of  an  iron 
wheel.  In  this  po- 
sition they  are  held 
together dn  pairs  by  two  rows  of  wrapping  about  alternate  crossings. 
Adjacent  stems  are  then  brought  together  in  pairs  and  fastened  with 
another  double  row  of  wrapping.  Just  outside  of  this  the  regular 
wickerwork  begins,  forming  the  upsett.  The  pairs  of  stems  continue 
as  warp  up  to  the  rim. 

Boustrophic. — Applied  to  twined  or  other  technic  that  does  not 
pass  round  and  round  spirally,  but  back  and  forth  dextrally  and 
sinistrally. 

Braid worh. — Narrow  fabric,  in  which  three  or  more  elements  are 
interwoven,  but  there  is  no  distinction  between  passive  and  active 
parts;  all  are  pliant  and  active.  The  Malaysian  women  are  wonder- 
fully adept  in  making  and  applying  it.  Braidwork  may  be  flat,  like 
sennit,  or  round,  or  square.  Braiding  may  be  a part  of  general 


NO.  1631.  VOCABULARY  OF  MALAYBTAN  BAmCETWORK— MASON . 

technic,  as  in  borders,  or  ready-made  sennit  or  other  braid  may  be 
an  element  in  different  kinds  of  weaving.  (See  figs.  9,  10,  11,  12.) 

Brooms.— Mside  from  fiber  of  coco  palm  by  basket-making  pro- 
cesses. 

Bumhan  hatu  bemban,”  Skeat). — A large  tough  reed  of  dark 
color,  growing  on  the  hills  of  West  Borneo.  Used  much  in  basket- 
making. 

Burden  basket. — A car- 
rying basket  for  heavy 
loads.  Usually  support- 
ed on  the  body  by  means 
of  a bark  cloth  band  over 
the  shoulders,  like  a knap 
sack.  Sometimes  the 
band  goes  across  the 
breast  and  occasionally 
across  the  forehead.  The 
burden  baskets  are  the 
acme  of  the  maker’s  art. 

Calamus. — A genus  of 
palms  having  over  80 
species,  in  Asia,  some  in 
Australia  and  Africa. 

Slender,  solid  stems, 
sometimes  1 to  2 inches 
in  diameter,  growing  to 
great  lengths,  clambering 
among  the  branches  of 
trees  by  means  of  the 
hooked  prickles  on  the 
stalks  of  their  pinnate 
leaves.  C . rotang^  C.  ru- 
dentum.^  C.  verus.,  G.  vim- 
inalis^  and  probably  other 
Indian  and  Malaysian 
species  are  tlie  source  of 
the  largely  imported  rat- 
tan canes  used  for  the 
seats  of  chairs,  and  in  wun<Ku  basket. 

their  native  countries  for  cables  and  a variety  of  other  })urposes. 
C.  montanus  is  twisted  into  suspension  bridges  over  the  river  Sikkim. 
C.  seifionum  is  the  thicker  Malacca  cane,  imported  from  Singapore  for 
walking  sticks,  and  C.  australis  is  the  I^oya  cane,  from  Australia. 

In  the  Abbott  collections  its  versatility  seems  to  have  no  limit.  A 
basket  with  no  rattan  in  its  make-up  is  a rarity.  Iloopwork,  footing, 


14 


rR()CEIJI>IX(JS  OF  THE  XATIOXAJ.  MV^EUM. 


VOL.  XXXV. 


Fig.  9.- 


fl■ame^yo^k,  borders,  knotwork,  and  body  technic  are  dependent  on  it. 
Its  tono-h,  glossy  surface  is  split  into  delicate  filaments  to  serve  as 
thread  for  sewing  borders,  into  active  elements  in  Aveaving^  like  the 
“ cane  ” for  chair  seats,  and  the  carrying  parts  of  baskets.  From 
the  study  of  ^'alaysian  textiles,  rattan  will  never  be  absent. 

Carrying  hasl'ct. — -A  name  borne 
by  a midtitnde  of  l)asket  forms  in 
Malaysia.  OAving  to  the  hot  cli- 
mate little  clothing  is  Avorn,  so 
special  provision  must  be  made 
for  everything  that  is  borne 
about — from  the  siri  (piid  to  the 
heaviest  burden — including  food 
and  drink,  clothing,  implements, 
Aveapons,  and  articles  of  commerce.  F or  these,  the  burden  basket 
must  have  capacity,  strength,  carrying  parts,  comfort,  and  resting 
parts.  Maxima  and  minima — the  gi-eatest  strength  and  room  with 
the  least  Aveight — 
seem  to  hav^e  been 
Avorked  ont  by 
these  ]Arimitive  en- 
gineers. The  abnn- 
dant  use  of  the  tri- 
angle, the  placing 
of  a support  Avhere 
it  is  immediately 


-Braidwork  in  carrying  zone  of 

BURDEN  BASKET. 


‘ded,  and  pro 
ction  of  the 


Pig.  10. — Braidwork  loops  for  carrying  band. 


naked  body  could  not  be  better  looked  after.  Besides  all  the  technic 
of  ordinary  baskets,  there  must  be  shoulder,  head,  and  breast  bands, 
backpads,  frameAvork,  footing,  strengthening  parts,  and  stays.  In 

AveaAung  the  body 
of  the  burden  bas- 
ket the  Avoman 
has  this  fact  of 
carrying  in  mind. 
A fcAv  inches  be- 
loAv  the  border  she 
makes  the  technic  stronger  on  both  sides  of  the  space  Avhere  the  car- 
rying band  and  strengthening  parts  go  around.  A wale  of  stouter 
material  is  inserted,  the  courses  are  forced  closer  together,  .more 
strands  are  added  in  the  technic,  and  half  hoops  with  proper  backing 
are  knotted  on.  In  this  glossary  the  space  thus  guarded  and  strength- 
ened is  spoken  of  as  the  “ carrying  zone  ” and  the  structural  parts 
added,  Avith  the  burden  function  in  mind  as  the  “ carrying  parts.” 


NO.  1631.  VOCABULARY  OF  MALAYSIAN  BASKETWORK— MASON . 


Fig.  11,  from  Cat.  No.  244267,  U.S.N.M.,  shows  the  common  open- 
work of  a rattan  basket  and  the  insertion  in  the  carrying  zone  of  four 
rows  of  twined  weaving  in  twilled,  boustrophic  technic. 

Fig.  13,  from  Cat.  No.  232630,  U.S.N.M.,  illustrates  the  strength- 
ening of  the  carrying  zone  by  hoops  fastened  on  with  cross-wrapping 
single  knots.  Above  and  below  the  hoops  two  rows  of  half  hitches 
over  alternate  warps  are  intertwined. 

Figs.  9-12  (Cat.  Nos.  244284,  244267,  244286,  U.S.N.M.),  illus- 
trate the  ingenious 
ways  in  which  the 
strengthening  tech- 
nic in  the  carry- 
ing zone  may,  when 

new  duties  demand,  j^2. — braids  in  two  colors  in  carrying  zone. 

be  braided  away 

from  the  texture  to  form  handles  or  to  become  loops  about  the  carry- 
ing bands.  In  fig.  10  there  are  two  rows  of  3-strand  braid  which  form 
the  loops.  In  fig.  11  is  a compact  single  4-strand  braid.  In  fig.  12 
there  are  two  rows  of  4-strand  braid.  All  of  these  are  designed  to 
function  in  the  same  way. 

Plate  III  represents  a six-sided  carrying  basket  (Cat.  No.  221504, 
U.S.N.M.)  from  Pagi  Islands,  Mentawi  Group,  west  of  Sumatra.  It 
show^s  the  smooth  pad  of  bast  for  the  carrier’s  naked  back ; the  head- 
band  of  soft  bark  for  supporting  the  load ; the  zone  of  strong,  double 
hoopwork,  to  strengthen  the  basket  at  its  point  of  greatest  strain.  In 

other  baskets  there 
is  a great  diversity 
of  expedients  to  ac- 
complish this  end. 
In  this  specimen 
no  sling  of  split 
passes  from  the 
carrying  loops  to 
be  knotted  under 

the  bottom,  that  strain  being  relieved  by  the  six  uprights  bounding 
the  sides  and  brought  together  to  form  the  foot.  This  is  a fine  speci- 
men of  hexagon  weave  and  of  a hoopwork  border. 

Carrying  parts ^ carrying  zone. — (See  Carrying  hasl'et.) 

Chainwork. — A technic  in  a single  element,  resembling  chain 
stitching  in  needlework.  It  finds  its  nearest  relative  with  wrapped 
weaving. 

Cheek. — Where  two  elements  cross  each  other.  ( See  also  Decussa- 
tion,) 


Pig,  13. — Carrying  zone  strengthened  by  hoopwork. 


rifociJhjnixG^  OF  the  \atio\al  mui^eum. 


VOL.  XXXV. 


16  

Checkeru'OTh. — Basketwork  in  Avhicli  the  crossing  elements  are 
equally  flexible  and  the  checks  are  rectangular.  It  may  be  open  or 
close,  vertical,  or  oblique.  (See  figs.  1,  7,  14,  16.) 

Fig.  14,  from  Humpin  Biver,  Ikihang  (Cat.  No.  219966,  U.S.N.M.), 
and  Plate  T make  idain  what  is  meant  by  the  term  “ close  checker- 
work,''  both  in  upright  and  oblique  technic.  The  only  ditl'erence 
between  them  and  o})en  checkerwork  is  in  spacing  and  not  in  method. 
In  the  Malaysian  area  the  basket-makers  produce  all  sorts  of  fanciful 
shapes  in  checker  by  folding  back  the  strips. 

ClieoTon. — V-shape  technic  in  which  two  or  more  colored  lines  meet 
at  an  angle.  (Compare  Ilerringbone  and  Zigzag.) 

Chinhing. — Soft  materials  between  hard  stems  and  soft  technic. 
Seen  in  the  bottoms  and  upsetting  of  many  Abbott  baskets,  to  protect 
delicate  work. 


Fig  14.— Upright  (a)  and  oblique  (&)  checkerwork. 


Classification. — (See  Structural  parts  and  Technic.)  The  parts  of 
basketwork  in  Malaysia  are  so  numerous  and  varied,  their  technical 
processes  so  diversified  and  associated,  and  the  uses*of  the  products 
are  so  multiplied,  that  classification  is  difficult  for  the  whole  fabric. 
A division  by  materials,  function,  bottom,  body,  framework,  carry- 
ing parts,  decoration,  or  technical  processes  must  end  there.  A bark 
gutta  tub  will  be  a regular  museum  of  added  knotwork  and  a paddy 
basket  a wonderful  study  in  braiding. 

Coiled  hashetry. — Basketwork  in  which  a foundation  of  hard  or 
soft  material,  arranged  in  a flat,  cylindrical,  or  conic  spiral,  is  held 
together  by  means  of  over-and-over  sewing  or  wrapping.  In  the 
Abbott  collections,  owing  to  the  abundance  and  fitness  of  rattan,  the 
single-rod  foundation  is  far  the  most  common  kiiid,  and  beautiful 
examples  are  seen.  The  fineness  of  close  coiling  depends  on  the 
number  of  turns  to  the  inch. 


NO.  1631.  VOCABULARY  OF  MALAYBIAY  BABKETW0RK—21A80N.  17 


Fig.  15  (Cat.  No.  216279,  U.S.N.M.)  illustrates  the  most  popular 
method  of  coiled  work  in  Malaysian  basketry.  The  rattan  and  its 
allies  are  so  abundant  and  so  well  adapted  that  there  is  no  need 
of  the  many  kinds  of  coiled  work  seen  in  America.  The  upper  draw- 
ing {a)  shows  a portion  of  a coiled  basket  near  the  rim;  the  middle 
drawing  {h)  is  a diagram  of  the  technic;  the  lower  figure  (c)  ex- 
plains the  beginning  at  the  bottom.  It  is  the  single-rod  coil  through- 
out, and  the  border  is  finished  off  with  a single  split  wound  on  the 
rim  between  the  turns  of  the  active  part. 

Color. — Malaysian  basketry  does  not  abound  in  bright  colors. 
Living  on  the  shady  side  of  the  forests,  the  women’s  textile  work  is 
not  brilliant.  Beautiful  effects  come  from  different  woods,  from 
aging,  from  native  dyes,  and  from  trade  colors.  It  may  be  also  that 
the  motives  for  color  are  lacking.  (See  Jernung.) 


Cover. — That  part  of  the  basket  which  closes  the  receptacle.  What 
might  be  termed  coverwork  is  here  in  mind,  and  the  crude,  primitive 
ways  of  building  up  a shoulder  and  fitting  the  cap  are  interesting. 
(See  Plates  I,  V,  VI,  XII,  XIV.) 

Crossed  warp. — Two  sets  of  passive  parts  cross  each  other  at  an 
angle,  as  in  hexagonal  technic.  They  may  be  latticed  or  intertwined. 
Examples  will  show. 

Curlworh. — Especially  in  pandanus  leafwork,  the  overlying  strips 
are  curled,  to  produce  relief  effects.  (See  fig.  16,  and  Plate  II.) 

Cycloidwork. — One  or  more  stems  bent  round  and  round  by  cy- 
cloidal movement.  The  separate  turns  may  be  free  or  interlocked. 
Used  in  decorative  foots,  borders,  covers,  etc.  (See  fig.  38,  and  Plate 
XIV.) 

Decoration. — ( See  Ornarnentation. ) 


Proc.  X.  M.  vol.  XXXV — 08 2 


18 


PROCEEDIXaS  OF  THE  XATIOXAL  MUSEUM. 


VOL.  XXXV. 


Decussation. — Crossing  of  warps  at  an  acute  angle.  (See  Check.) 

Design. — P'ignre  or  pattern  in  tlie  ornamentation  of  basketry. 
Xot  to  be  confounded  with  symbol. 

Dextral. — Applied  to  the  elements  of  basketwork  that  lean  toward 
the  right.  (See  Ilorizo^ntal^  SinistraJ^  and  Vertical.)  Common  in 
Malaysian  basketry. 

Diagonalu'orlc. — Passing  the  active  elements  over  two  or  more 
warps,  but  not  the  same  in  adjoining  rows.  (See  Tu'iUedicork.) 

Diaper. — A surface  decoration  produced  by  the  technic  shoAving  a 
pattern  by  the  crossing  of  the  elements.  The  refinement  of  twilled- 
work. 

Drill. — For  the  delicate  sewing  Avhich  is  seen  most  abundantly  on 
the  borders  of  carrying  baskets,  the  very  fine  holes  are  made  through 


Gray,  Sempang  Eiver,  West  Borneo.  In  seAving  the  borders,  footings, 
and  other  parts  of  baskets  Avith  finely  split  rattan,  holes  must  be  drilled 
through  hoops  and  other  AvoodAvork.  The  “ simbal  ” is  just  the  tool, 
not  a needle  nor  an  aAvl  precisely,  but  a very  fine  drill,  the  blade  made 
of  an  old  file  usually,  and  quadrilateral  to  the  A^ery  tip. 

On  the  lower  part  of  Plate  IV  are  the  so-called  prickers  (Cat.  Nos. 
249049,  249050,  U.8.N.M.),  “ pemudat,”  of  the  Dyaks  of  Bayu, 
Sempang  Kiver,  lYest  Borneo.  The  first  specimen  is  made  of  iron; 
the  latter  of  orang  bone.  This  implement  is  used  to  pass  betAveen 
the  elements  of  a finished  texture,  in  order  to  open  the  Avay  for  Aveav- 
ing  baclvAvard  or  overlaying  as  in  the  ‘‘’'mad  weaveV 

Plate  V shoAvs  an  elegant  old  piece  of  tAvilled  basketAVork  (Cat.  No. 
249413,  U.S.N.M.)  from  Dyaks  of  Gray,  West  Borneo,  introduced 
here  to  illustrate  the  use  of  the  fine  drills,  but  possessing  many  note- 
Avorthy  characters.  Among  them  especial  attention  is  called  to  the 


bamboo,  rattan,  and  other 
hard  materials  Avith  long 
pointed  drills  made  from 
old  files.  The  point  of  the 
drill  is  draAvn  out  almost 
needle-like,  Avhile  the  an- 
gular form  of  body  is  pre- 
served. Plate  IV  shoAVS  a 
feAv  Auarieties  and  also 
blunt  prickers  in  monkey 
bone  and  in  iron.  (See 
Pricker. ) 


Fig.  16. — Curled  work  in  pandanus  leaf. 


On  the  top  roAV  of 
Plate  IV  are  basket- 
makers’  drills,  or  aAvls 
(Cat.  Nos.  249051-249054, 
U.S.N.M.),  ‘Uimbal,”  of 
the  Dyaks  of  Bayu  and 


NO.  1631.  VOCABULARY  OF  MALAYSIAN  BASKETWORK— MASON.  10 

arabesque  ornament  in  red  diaper  twill  all  over  the  bod}^  and  the 
cover ; the  “ hook-and-eye  ” work,  the  broad  shoulder,  the  fine  sewing*, 
and  the  neat  hoopwork  at  the  border;  and  the  same  processes  in  the 
margin  of  the  cover. 

Ejoo. — A fiber  compassing  the  stems  of  the  kabun  palm  in  Sumatra 
and  seemingly  bound  on  by  thicker  fiber  or  twigs,  of  which  the  Ma- 
lays make  pens  for  writing.  It  resembles  coarse  black  horsehair  and 
is  used,  among  other  purposes,  for  making  ropes  and  mixing  v>dth 
mortar.  (Marsden,  p.  77.) 

Embroidery. — Textile  ornament  added  to  the  surface  after  the 
basket  technic  is  finished.  Usually  it  is  false  embroideiy,  which  ap- 
pears to  have  been  added,  but  is  really  done  with  the  Aveaving. 

Ends. — On  the  rim  of  a basket  the  fastening  of  the  ends  of  technic 
elements  receives  a A^ast  deal  of  attention.  They  are  cut  off  flush, 
merel}^  turned  back  and  inwoven,  or,  to  give  finish,  change  the 
technic  altogether-  It  is  a part  that  must  neA*er  be  overlooked.  (See 
also  B orderworh  and  Rim.) 

Fagoting. — Same  as  hemstitching,  or  the  gathering  two  or  more 
Avarp  threads  into  a bundle  by  wrapping. 

False  braid. — An  appearance  of  braidwork  very  common  in  basket- 
Avork,  made  with  a single  strand  or  split,  in  what  is  called  ball  stitch, 
or  racking  seizing.  (See  Seizing.) 

False  embroidery. — An  appearance  given  in  basket-making  by 
Avrapping  the  strands  that  show  on  the  outside  of  the  structure  Avith 
colored  material. 

Fiber. — Any  flexible  substance  composed  of  filaments.  Malaysia 
abounds  in  such  material  of  the  best  quality. 

Figure-of-8. — One  of  the  technic  movements  in  Malaysian  basket- 
Avork  by  Avhich  the  active  element,  either  as  principal  or  as  bond, 
resembles  at  each  bout  the  figure  8.  In  uniting  coiledAvork  it  may 
be  clear,  hitched  aboA^e,  hitched  beloAv,  or  tAvisted. 

Filament. — Any  delicate  fiber  used  in  basketAvork.  The  seAving  on 
the  borders  of  Dyak  l)urden  baskets  is  done  Avith  filaments  of  rattan. 

Fire  fan. — The  Nicobarese  produce  fans  for  fire-making  from  the 
sheathing  petioles  of  palm  trees.  (Kloss,  Andamans  and  Nicobars, 
P.  ^8-) 

Flat  spiral. — The  form  of  coiled  Avork  seen  in  basket  coA^ers,  Avherein 
the  result  is  a fiat  surface. 

Folding. — In  pandanus  and  other  soft  leafAvork  tlie  Malaysian 
basket-makers  produce  ornamental  elfects  on  the  surface  by  folding 
back  the  sti'ips  or  by  curling  the  edges,  making  the  checks  stand  ii|). 

fig.  H)  (Cat.  No.  219975,  II.S.N.M.)  is  a good  example  of  wlial, 
for  a better  term,  is  here  called  “ folding,'’  and  sometimes  “curling” 
or  “tAvisting.”  In  i)andanus  leafAvork  it  is  often  desirable  to  have 
the  inside  and  the  outside  of  a basket  both  smooth;  then  the  strips 


20  PROCEFJ)I\(ii^  OF  THE  XATlOySL  nFkiEl'M.  vol.  xxxv. 

are  doubled,  just  as  they  are  in  the  basketwork  of  our  southern 
Indians.  In  such  baskets,  for  pretty  effects,  the  Malaysian  women, 
at  the  proper  intervals  fold  back  the  active  pandanus  strips  like  a 
coat  collar.  In  some  examples  of  the  mad  weave  (Plate  XII)  the  pat- 
terns are  quite  intricate.  (See  Cvrlicor'k  and  Ticistu'orh.) 

Foot. — The  part  of  a basket  for  resting  on  the  gTound.  The  foot 
may  be,  as  in  the  baskets  of  commerce,  a part  of  the  body  technic  or 
something  quite  different.  In  the  latter  case  it  is  usually  hoopwork, 
angular  or  rounded.  It  is  really  interesting  to  note  how  the  makers 
have  struggled  with  this  problem  of  footings.  They  are  in  rattan, 
bamboo,  or  hardwood.  The  rattan  stem  is  soft  inside  and  tough  as 

leather  on  the  out- 
side. You  have 
merely  to  cut  out  a 
miter  and  bend  the 
stem  at  the  proper 
place  and  the  thing 
is  done.  ( See  Plates 
I,  II.) 

Form. — This  has 
reference  to  the 
outer  shape  of  the 
finished  basket  or 
other  product  of 
basketwork.  The 
clear  and  ready 
comprehension  of 
the  reader  is  the 
safest  guide  for 
giAung  names  to 
forms  in  basketry. 
The  Malaysian 
Avomen  excel  in 
both  the  practical  and  ornamental  forms  of  their  baskets.  Economy 
has  been  Avorked  out  especially  in  the  shapes  of  the  burden  baskets. 

F rameioorh. — Malaysian  baskets  are  often  made  of  such  thin  ma- 
terials that  additional  support  has  to  be  gi\"en  by  frameAvork.  This 
consists  of  foot,  uprights,  and  borderwork,  Avhich  Avill  be  separately 
described.  An  interesting  fact  in  the  study  of  the  division  of  labor 
is  that  the  soft,  textile  parts  of  the  basket  are  said  to  be  made  by 
Avomen;  the  frameAvork  falls  to  the  men. 

Plate  VI  shoAvs  a basket  from  the  Dyaks,  West  Borneo,  Avhich  may 
be  called  a perfect  specimen  (Cat.  No.  249-107,  U.S.N.M.)  of  Malay- 
sian basket,  on  account  of  the  frameAvork  and  its  relations  Avith  other 
parts.  If  it  were  removed  it  is  doubtful  whether  the  basket  would 


Fkj.  17. — AIeti-kjds  of  forming  handles. 


NO.  1631.  VOCABUTARY  OF  MALAYSIAN  BASKFT^Y0Rh^MASOX.  21 

stand  alone.  Its  capacity  is  almost  that  of  half  a flour  barrel.  Every- 
where proportion  and  beauty  are  united  with  strength  and  utility. 

Frap. — To  bind  parts  of  a basket  together,  in  order  to  strengthen 
the  structure. 

Furcated. — Said  of  the  elements  of  basketry  that  are  intentionally 
and  symmetrically  split  a part  of  their  length.  The  rattan  lends  it- 
self willingly  to  such  treatment. 

Fyke. — An  ever-set,  detaining  trap;  a cage-pound  for  fish.  (See 
Hugh  M.  Smith  on  The  Fyke  Nets,  etc.) 

Grommet. — A ring  of  stem  or  split  made  by  crossing  it  and  then 
laying  or  twisting  the  long  end  round  the  ring  three  times  and  neatly 
tucking  in  the  end. 

Handle. — Part  of  basket  employed  in 
carrying  it  in  the  hands.  This  is  not 
common.  In  going  through  the  jungle 
the  hands  are  needed  for  other  pur- 
poses. The  basket  is  supported  from 
the  belt,  the  breast,  the  shoulders,  or 
from  the  front  of  the  head.  Modern 
•influences  are  creeping  in  and  putting 
bails  of  rattan  on  some  specimens. 

(See  Carrying  parts.) 

Fig.  17  (Cat.  No.  221534,  U.S.N.M.) 
shows  the  ease  with  which  a long  thin 
split  may  become  a grommet,  a loop, 
a handle.  Drawdng  a would  be  the 
coarsest  form  of  loop  for  suspending  a 
basket  or  guiding  a carrying  strap,  the 
split  being  wrapped  a few  times  back 
and  forth  and  bound  by  half  hitches. 

It  might  be  on  a border  or  on  an  up- 

. . . . NIC  AND  BORDER. 

right,  vertical,  or  horizontal.  Drawings 

1)  and  c are  similar,  but  more  neatly  finished.  Drawing  d is  in  imita- 
tion of  borderwork  of  the  coiled  type,  the  split  at  the  same  time  form- 
ing chainstitchwork  for  a handle. 

Helical  coil. — That  form  of  coil  that  would  result  from  wrapping 
a wire  about  a cylinder.  This  is  the  method  of  coiled  basket  building 
in  America,  but  it  is  greatly  modified  in  Malaysia,  as  will  appear  in 
description. 

II emstitch. — Drawing  warps  together  in  groups  of  two  or  more  and 
holding  them  by  twined  weaving. 

Hens'’  nests. — Baskets,  bag-shape  and  wide-meshed,  for  the  hens  to 
lay  in,  hang  from  the  jiiles  under  Nicobarese  houses.  (Kloss,  Anda- 
mans and  Nicobars,  p.  48.) 


PROCEEDlXCh^  OF  THE  XATJOXAL  MUSEUM. 


VOL.  XXXV. 


Ilerringhone. — Basketry  technic  in  Avhicli  chevron  patterns  are  in 
parallel  series. 

Ilexagoytal  rc6>r/t‘.— Basket woi-k  in  vliich  dextral,  sinistral,  and 
horizontal  splits  or  strips  of  equal  width  and  flexibility  are  so  inter- 
twined as  to  produce  hexagons  in  the  checks.  (See  Plates  III,  VII, 
figs.  18,  19,  20,  and  Lehmann,  figs.  18,  53,  51,  55.) 

Cat.  Xo.  22152-1,  U.S.X.M.,  is  an  excellent  specimen  of  hexagonal 
work.  (Plate  A"II.)  Tlie  plate  shows  a burden  crate  reminding  one 
impressively  of  the  California  Indian  cradles.  Xoteworthy  are  («) 
the  light,  strong  framework  and  border  of  rattan  half  stems  bound 
together  over  the  rim  of  the  Aveaving  all  around  and  having  the  gap 
on  the  margin  covered  Avith  a thin  split;  (5)  the  rhomb  and  triangle 

Avork  in  the  footing, 
produced  by  differ- 
ent technic  of  the 
three  elements;  {c) 
the  broad  backing 
of  bark;  (cZ)  the 
strengthening  o f 
the  carrying  parts 
Avith  additional  half 
stems,  and  (e)  the 
head  strap  of  tough 
bast.  The  multiply- 
ing of  structural 
parts  in  Malaysian 
basketry  and  the  di- 
versity of  technical 

Fig.  19. IlEXAGOXAL  ELEMENTS  IN  PAIRS.  pFOCCSS  US  COmparcd 

Avith  American  bas- 
kets are  Avell  illustrated  in  this  specimen.  If  the  horizontal  splits 
be  removed  the  other  elements  are  latticed,  the  dextrals  being  out- 
side. The  horizontals  bind  all  by  passing  outside  of  dextrals  and 
inside  of  sinistrals.  The  obliques  on  the  footing  are  not  latticed,  but 
closely  AVOA^en,  the  horizontals  crossing  the  intersections  in  pairs. 

Cat.  No.  237121,  U.S.N.M.,  explains  the  crossing  of  parts  in  hexa- 
gon Aveaving  (fig.  19).  In  this  example  the  textile  elements  are  in 
pairs.  The  introduction  of  a hoop  for  a horizontal  split  and  doubling 
the  number  of  uprights  produces  oblong  pentagons. 

Fig.  20,  Cat.  No.  2215G3,  U.S.N.M.,  from  an  Abbott  basket  of  Siaba 
Bay,  Nias  Island,  illustrates  another  type  of  the  hexagonal  work, 
differing  from  Cat.  No.  221524,  Plate  VII,  in  having  the  horizontals 
Avide  and  thin  hoops,  Avhile  the  obliques  are  slender  sjolits. 

Hitched  loorh. — Technic  in  Avhich  the  process  called  hitching  is 
used.  The  broAvn  race  are  the  masters  of  it.  The  Malay  knot,  Avhich 


NO.  1631.  VOCABULARY  OF  MALAYBIAY  BABKETW0RK—MA80Y. 


23 


takes  the  place  of  nails,  screws,  pegs,  etc.,  in  holding  the  parts  to- 
gether, plays  the  whole  gamut  of  uniting  and  decoration.  (See  Knot.) 

Hooh-and-eyevjorh. — An  ingenious  method  of  uniting  joints  and 
fastening  off  ends  in  rattan,  specially  useful  in  making  hoops  and  in 
fixing  heavy  borders.  The  rattan  is  whittled  away,  like  the  point  of 
a quill  pen,  often  many  inches  long,  giving  also  a convenient  shoulder. 

' The  thin  point  is  drawn  through  a hole  or  about  a border  and  caught 
down  on  the  other  side  in  the  textile  work.  (See  Plates  II,  III,  V, 
VI,  VII.) 

Hoopioork. — The  part  jilayed  by  hoops  of  wood  in  Malaysian  bas- 
ketwork  is  of  great  importance  to  the  student  of  technology.  In 
America  it  played  a minor  part  with  the  Indians,  but,  on  the  other 
side  of  the  Pacific,  it  entered  into  the  bottom,  body,  stjiyings  and 
strengthenings,  footing,  framework,  carrying  parts,  and  covers  of 
baskets.  Strictly  speaking,  a hoop  is  round,  but,  in  this  area,  pre- 
cisely the  same  technic  is  so  often  employed  on  angular  forms  that 
one  may  be  pardoned  for  speaking  of  triangular,  quadrangular, 
hexagonal,  and  octagonal  hoops, 
or  of  their  incurved  sides  and 
pinched  corners. 

Hoops  in  the  Abbott  basket- 
work  are  in  the  whole  .stems, 
sliped  stems,  half  stems,  splits, 
strips  of  different  thickness,  in 
rattan  or  other  tough  elastic  wood, 
as  the  exigencies  demand.  The 
joinings  of  the  ends  may  be  splic- 
ing of  most  kinds  known  to  me- 
, . 1,11  11  1-  20. — Hexagonal  technic  with  wide 

chanics,  though  the  hooked  splice  hoeizontal-s. 

of  common  barrels  does  not  ap- 
pear. But  there  are  others  quite  to  the  manner  born,  such  as  hook-and- 
eye  splice,  knotted,  sewed,  and  pegged  splices.  The  figures  and  plates 
will  show  hoAv  ingenious  these  practical  basket-makers  have  been  in 
putting  their  hoops  at  the  right  places  to  strengthen  the  basket  Avith- 
out  greatly  increasing  the  Aveight ; in  combining  angular  bottoms  Avith 
rounded  bodies;  in  providing  stable  attachments  for  the  loops,  knot- 
Avork,  strengthenings,  and  lieadbands  of  the  carrying  parts. 

Plate  VIII  shoAvs  several  structural  and  technical  characters  (Cat. 
Xo.  221 5I(),  U.S.X.M.)  of  hoojiAvork  and  reA^als  a di  versity  in  other 
forms  of  liandiAvork  Avorth  noticing,  such  as  the  square  bottom  be- 
coming the  rounded  body,  the  mixture  of  tAvined  and  Avicker  AA^aving, 
llie  strengtliening  of  tlie  te.xtui’e  at  the  cai-rying  zone,  the  mnltiplii'a- 
tion  of  hoops  about  the  border,  the  sliaping,  S})liciiig,  adjusting,  drill- 
ing and  attaching  of  hoops,  the  loops  and  adjustments  of  the  carry- 
ing band.  (See  J olner^rorh.) 

Ilorizontal. — T(‘rm  applied  to  the  level  elements  in  hexagonal  and 
other  technic  lying  in  three  or  more  directions. 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 


YOL.  XXXV. 


24 

IlurcUe. — A very  coarse  form  of  basketwork  in  brush  and  cane 
fences,  on  land  or  in  water,  for  hunting  or  fishing. 

lmj)acted. — Driven  close  together.  Xot  common  in  Abbott  baskets. 

Inset. — A structural  part  made  separate!}^  and  set  into  the  struc- 
ture. The  funnels  of  fish  traps  and  the  ends  of  cylindrical  baskets  are 
so  treated. 

Interlacing. — The  crossing  and  twining  of  parts. 

Interrupted  coil. — AAork  in  which  the  active  split  is  wrapped  about 
the  passive  j^art  for  a space  and  then  caught  under  the  foundation 
below.  Decorative  figures  are  made  in  this  manner.  (See  fig.  26.) 

Interstices. — Open  spaces  left  in  basketwork. 

Intceave. — To  weave  a pattern  into  the  texture  of  a basket,  to  inter- 
weave, intertwine.  Ends  are  bent  down  and  inwoven. 

Jernung. — Eed  stain  resembling  lacquer,  applied  to  Dyak  baskets, 
sword-sheaths,  blowgun-dart  cases,  etc.,  in  West  Borneo.  It  is  made 
by  boiling  the  fruit  of  a small  species  of  rattan  and  smearing  the 
jelly  on  the  surface,  where  it  dries  Avith  a smooth  finish. 

J oinerworh. — That  portion  of  basketwork  AAdiich  deals  with  solid 
Avood  and  is  done  Avith  tools.  Usually  Avrought  by  men.  It  includes 
making  hooj^s,  uprights,  solid  rims,  covers,  staying,  and  bracing. 
Miters,  kerfs,  carving,  and  whittling  demand  the  joiner’s  skill.  The 
American  craftsAvoman  giA^es  strength  and  rigidity  to  her  texture  in 
the  Aveaving;  but  here  lightness  is  most  desirable  and  strength  comes 
through  wise  joinerAVork.  In  making  joints  with  his  somewhat  in- 
tractable materials  and  most  primitive  tools  the  artisan  is  not  able 
to  conceal  his  work  and  leaves  ugly  gaps.  To  remedy  this  is  the 
motive  of  much  ingenious  knotwork  and  braidAVork.  (See  Plates  I, 
II,  III,  Y,  YI,  YU,  YIII,  XIY.) 

Kabun  palm. — The  wine  palm  of  the  coast.  The  black,  hairlike 
fiber,  “ ejoo,”  is  used  for  string  on  Banka  Islands. 

Kain. — Cloth  passed  around  the  loins  and  between  the  legs.  Worn 
by  Indonesians  of  Malaysia  and  Malays. 

Kajang. — Pandanus  roof-mat.  Every  Malay  boat  and  every  Chi- 
nese sampan  uses  them.  One  of  the  most  Avidely  spread  and  useful 
things  in  Malaysia. 

Kawin. — Kotan  kawin.  A small,  very  flexible  rattan,  growing  in 
the  hills  of  4Yest  Borneo,  of  which  one  of  the  weaves  in  the  trident 
spear  heads,  serapang,  is  done. 

Kerf. — A notch  cut  out  of  rattan  or  other  stem  so  as  to  permit 
it  to  bend  at  an  angle.  In  footing  on  burden  baskets,  the  corners, 
made  of  rattan  stem,  have  kerfed  miters.  The  material  is  then  bent 
to  form  triangles,  rectangles,  or  polygons. 

Keyed  lattice. — Latticework  in  which  the  crossed  passive  parts 
are  held  in  place  by  bending  in  and  out  between  them  stiff  strips. 
(See  Lehmann,  figs.  65-68.) 


NO.  1631.  VOCABULARY  OF  MAAwBIAV  BABKETVA)RK~~MA80V.  25 


Knives. — (See  Tools.) 

Knotwork. — The  structure,  successions,  and  series  of  knots  are  of 
immense  account  to  the  student  of  Malaysian  basketwork.  In  speak- 
ing of  them  the  illustrations  and  names  given  under  the  word  “ knot  ” 
in  the  Standard  Dictionary  should  be  used.  In  some  cases  the  native 


Fig.  21. — Overhand  knot  in  single  strand. 


name  would  be  desirable.^^  The  knots  found  on  basketwork  by  Leh- 
mann are:  Overhand.,  simple  knot.,  in  several  variations;  iveaveTs 
knot.,  several  positions;  single  how  knot'  double  how  knot,'  carrick 
hend;  square  knot;  slip  knot.,  Flemish  hend;  fgiire~of-8  knot;  and 
clove  hitch.  The  two-round  turn  and  two -half -hitch  knot.,  extremely 
common  in  Malaysia,  and  here 
called  Malay  knot,  or  hitch,  must 
be  added. 

Knots  may  be  named  after  their 
technic  and  after  their  functions. 

There  are  single  knots  of  any  kind 
or  series  of  knots  or  knots  in  a 
single  series;  they  may  be  in  the 
texture  or  superadded ; for  use  or 
for  ornamentation;  in  the  middle 
of  a strand,  at  the  ends  of  a 
strand,  the  tying  together  of  the 
two  ends,  or  the  joining  of  an  end 
to  a bend  or  middle;  there  are 
binding  knots,  sewdng  knots,  slip 
knots,  nooses,  snares,  trap  knots, 
net  knots,  and  covering  knots  to 

, . , , ,,  ' . .SHIELDS. 

liKle  ugly  splices,  corners,  rims, 

and  joints.  Of  the  covering  variety,  the  overhand  knot  in  single 
strand,  hiding  the  to]is  of  the  little  ]iosts  at  the  margin  of  carrying 
baskets,  deserves  special  notice.  (See  fig.  21.) 

Fig.  22  shows  a sjiecies  of  knotwork,  in  single  splits,  seen  on  shields 
as  well  as  baskets,  to  hold  })arts  together  and  be  ornamental.  Four 


See  Stokes,  in  Mein.  Rerniei?  Panulii  Uisliop  Mnseinn,  II,  j»i).  IO.a-ICvJ. 


26 


rROCEEDIXa^  OF  THE  AM770X.il  .1/rMLT.V. 


A'OL.  XXXV. 


hole.s  are  bored  in  the  cover  of  the  shield  beside  the  frame,  and  the 
binding-  material  is  pa.ssed  back  and  forth  through  them,  crossing 
the  frame  piece  diagonally  on  the  outside,  so  as  to  form  plain  weav- 


ing {a  and  h).  On  the  back,  the  binding  passes  horizontally  {c 
and  d). 

Fig.  23,  a (Cat.  No.  221563,  U.S.N.M.),  illustrates  how  the  single 
bowknot  is  often  used  in  attaching  the  ends  of  the  bark  headband  to 
the  carrying  parts  of  a burden  basket ; while  5,  c,  and  d illustrate 

the  appearance  of  the  dou- 
ble half  hitch  on  borders. 
In  drawing  e (Cat.  No. 
221504,  U.S.N.M.)  the 

loops  in  d^  are  finished 
off  by  a single  wrapping 
of  the  whole  border  with 
splits. 

Fig.  24,  a (Cat.  No. 
221524,  U.S.N.M.),  is 

made  up  of  two  round 
turns  and  two  half  hitches,  as  the  knot  appears  in  joining  the  parts 
of  a wooden  cradle,  the  active  part  working  toward  the  right.  In  h 
the  knot  is  dissected. 

Fig.  25,  <7,  5,  c,  d (Cat.  No.  221504,  U.S.N.M.),  illustrates  the 
tying  of  far  the  most  common  knot  in  all  Malaysia.  Inasmuch  as 


Fig. 


24. — Round  turns  and  half  hitches  in 

WOODEN  CRADLE. 


NO.  1631.  VOCABULARY  OF  MALATBIA^^  BABKETWORK—MABO^.  27 


industrial  products  there  are  usually  made  up  and  are  scarcely  ever 
in  the  whole  piece,  and,  moreover,  since  nails,  screws,  and  rivets  and 
the  like  are  not  suitable  to  bamboo  and  rattan,  the  importance  of  this 
particular  knot  Avill  be  realized.  Only  the  free  end  is  needed  in  tying 
it.  Usually  it  is  found  in  sets  or  series,  and  in  some  cases  four  or 
five  sets  are  woven  into  intricate  and  decorative  effects.  The  first 


drawing  {a)  is  the  knot  in  the  process  of  forming;  in  h the  parts  are 
drawn  together ; in  c all  is  made  fast,  and  in  d a vertical  example  is 
shown,  the  active  end  of  the  split  working  downward. 

Fig.  26,  a and  d (Cat.  No.  237089,  U.S.N.M.)  and  h and  c (Cat.  No. 
237078,  IJ.S.N.M.) , illustrates  a knotwork  very  common  in  the  Abbott 


Malaysian  baskets,  especially  on  borders.  It  is  in  the  nature  of  what 
the  sailors  call  “mousing,”  and  i-eminds  one  of  the  script  lower  case 
“ The  process  is  sus(*e})tible  of  several  varieties  in  the  upright  as 
well  as  in  the  horizontal  ])ortion  of  the  knot.  Lehmaiiids  figs.  38,  39, 
and  44,  Plat(‘  I,  present  three  of  these.  In  the  drawings  here  shown 
the  knots  belong  in  a series  of  border  wra})pings,  every  seventh  one 


PRCH^EEDIXa.^  OF  THE  XATIOXAL  MUSEUM. 


VOL.  XXXV. 


28 


becoming  a single  mousing.  In  the  drawings  of  fig.  2G,  a is  the  mous- 
ing knot  in  forming;-^  is  another  form;  c shows  the  knot  drawn 
tight,  and  d a section  of  the  finished  border  of  a basket  in  double 
lacing.  (See  Borderivorl\  Laciruj,  and  MouHiag.) 

Fig.  27  (Cat.  No.  23T0()3,  U.S.X.M.),  a and  h give  two  varieties  of 
quite  similar  knot\vork  uniting  two  parts  of  a shield  and  to  give  orna- 
ment. It  is  scarcely 
knotwork,  since,  if 
the  passive  ])arts 
were  slipped  out, 
the  active  part 
would  no  longer  be 
tied.  In  the  draw- 
ing a the  active 
split  passes  (1)  be- 
hind the  upper 
frame  piece  and 
forward,  (2)  down- 
ward in  front  of 
both,  (3)  around 
behind  the  lower 
frame  piece  left- 
ward of  (2),  move- 
ment (4)  is  across 
(2)  rightward  and 
backward  to  the  starting  point.  In  drawing  h the  movements  .of  (1) 
and  (2)  are  the  same,  but  in  (3)  the  active  part  is  moved  rightward 
and  then  leftward  around  to  starting  point. 


Fig.  28. — Knotwork  and  braidwork  united. 

Fig.  28,  <2,  c are  processes  also  on  the  shield  (Cat.  No.  237063, 
U.S.N.M.).  The  knotwork  combines  two  movements,  both  half 
hitches,  making  pretty  braid  between.  Drawing  a should  be  com- 
pared with  the  same  letter  in  fig.  27.  The  moving  split  makes  a half 
hitch  over  the  upper,  then  beneath  the  under  warp,  and  moves  up- 


NO.  1631.  rOCAHULARY  OR  MALAY AX  JiA^SKET WORK— MASON.  29 


ward  to  repeat  the  process.  Drawing  h is  the  same  over  parallel 
Avarps  and  c is  the  same  process  over  closely  approaching  warps. 

Fig.  21  is  the  overhand  knot  in  single  strand,  seen  in  Avrapping 
kite  strings  on  their  sticks  and  the  belaying  of  ropes  on  vessels.  The 
simple  form  here  shoAvn  Avill  be  seen  in  the  slings  that  attach  small 
bowlders  to  nets  as  weights.  More  complicated  and  ornate  examples 
Avill  be  seen  on  the  borders  of  burden  baskets  at  the  tops  of  the  up- 
rights which  are  a part  of  the  frameAvork. 

Lacework. — The  technic  of  both  point  and  bobbin  lace  occurs  in 
Eastern  basketry.  With  a single  element  there  may  be  tAvo  or  more 
splits  or  stems  moving  side  by  side  and  these  may  at  any  moment 
become  braidwork.  The  single-element  type  is  found  in  cycloid 
work. 


d 


Fig.  29. — Single  lacing  in  Engano  basketwohk. 

Lacing. — Coiled  basketwork  on  the  island  of  Engano  imitates  the 
technic  often  seen  in  the  lining  of  hats  throughout  Malaysia.  It  is 
here  called  lacing,  and  may  be  single,  as  Avitli  one  end  of  a shoe  string, 
or  double,  as  Avith  both  ends.  In  both  cases  the  active  part  passes  by 
a figiire-of-8  movement.  Fig.  29,  a,  Z>,  c,  d (Cat.  Nos.  237079  and 
237103,  U.S.N.M.),  shoAv  the  single  lacing.  DraAving  a gives  the  va- 
riety in  Avhich  the  zigzag  movements  of  the  active  splits  in  adjoining 
roAvs  are  parallel;  drawing  l>  is  the  same  finished;  draAving  c adds  the 
Avrapped  border.  In  drawing  d another  variety  of  technic  appears — 
the  active  split  passes  through  the  angles  of  the  lacing  beloAv,  the 
lacings  from  roAV  to  roAV  interlocking  at  right  angles. 

Fig.  30,  a,  1),  c,  d (Cat.  Nos.  237081,  237112,  and  237081,  U.S.N.M.), 
shows  the  double  lacing.  Drawing  a gives  the  ])rocess,  h is  close 
double  lacing,  c is  opeinvork  with  AAra[)ped  border,  and  d a closer 
example  of  the  same.  All  of  them  give  hexagonal  etl'ects  in  the 
meshes,  the  active  parts  going  through  the  angles  underneath. 


30 


PROCEEDIXGS  OF  THE  XATIOXAL  MUSEU.]L 


VOL.  XXXV. 


Lattice. — Basketry  technic  in  which  the  parts  cross,  bnt  do  not 
interlace.  They  are  held  in  place  by  furtlier  treatment.  The  dextral 
and  sinistral  elements  in  hexagonal  weaving  may  be  latticed  or  inter- 
laced. (See  fig.  7.)  Latticework  may  also  he  named  from  the  ways  of 
fastening  it  together,  as  twined  lattice,  wrapj^ed  lattice,  etc. 

Lay. — To  cover  by  wrapping  or  winding.  The  sailor  lays  a rope 
with  yarn.  The  Malay  basket-maker  often  hiA^s  a grommet  loop, 
handle,  or  border  neatly  Avith  fine  splits. 

Leaficork. — Includes  products  made  from  the  Avhole  leaf  or  the 
spathe  and  those  from  pandaniis  and  other  long,  textile  leaA^es  cut 
into  strips.  The  former  serve  as  handy  improvised  vessels;  the  lat- 
ter are  Avrought  into  endless  varieties  of  form  and  technic. 

b 


Fig.  30. — Double  lacing  in  Engano  basketwork. 


Plate  XI  (upper  figure)  is  a basket  (Cat.  No.  211801,  U.S.N.M.)  of 
the  Shompen  tribe,  Pulo  Kunyi,  west  coast  of  Great  Nicobar  Island. 
It  is  8 inches  square  and  6 inches  high. 

A single  long  palm  leaf  is  Avrapped  on  itself  three-fold,  to  form 
square  sides.  Tavo  small  vines  are  run  in  and  out  through  the  leaf 
to  hold  the  j^arts  together  and  to  form  handles.  The  ends,  Avhich  are 
joined  underneath,  support  a large  deciduous  leaf  Avhich  serA^es  for 
the  bottom  of  the  basket.  This  is  a rude  and  most  primitive  form  of 
receptacle. 

The  lower  figure  on  I^late  XI  is  a boat-bailer  (Cat.  No.  17G038, 
U.S.N.M.),  from  Trong,  LoAver  Siam,  made  from  a spathe,  or  leaf 
sheath,  by  folding  the  ends  together,  as  in  Avrapping  a bundle,  and 
rolling  up  another  part  of  the  leaf  to  form  a handle.  The  parts  are 
joined  together,  as  seen  in  the  example,  by  seAving  Avith  a split  of  rat- 
tan. Height,  9 inches.  See  also  Plates  IX,  X,  and  XIV. 


NO.  1631.  VOCABULARY  OF  MALAY 81  AY  BA8KETW0RK—MA80Y. 


81 


Left  oUique. — Applied  to  textiles  leaning  toward  the  left  hand 
from  below  upward.  Seen  in  checker,  twill,  hexagon,  octagon,  and 
rhomb  technic.  Also  called  Sinistral. 

Lengkar  hanon  huoy. — Native  name  in  Simalur  of  a basket  for 
suspending  a water  vessel.  (Cat.  No.  216307,  U.S.N.M.) 

Loomless. — Name  adopted  for  textile  processes  not  carried  on  in 
looms.  It  includes  awlwork,  bark-  and  bastwork,  basketwork,  braid- 
work,  featherwork,  hoopwork,  knitting,  knotwork,  lacework,  leaf- 
work,  matwork,  needlework,  network,  osierwork,  quillwork,  rattan- 
work,  ropework,  spathework,  splitwork,  stringwork,  and  threadwork. 

The  primitive  hand,  or  loomless,  textiles  are  at  the  foundation  of 
artwork  in  several  varieties,  for  example:  Fingerwork,  producing 
basketry  and  matting;  stilettowork,  producing  embroidery;  knot- 
work,  producing  netting;  bobbinwork,  producing  pillow  lace ; crochet- 
work,  producing  hook  fabrics;  needlework,  producing  sewing,  em- 
broidery, and  point  lace;  needles  in  sets,  producing  knitting;  shut- 
tlework  leads  to  weaving  on  the  loomwork  series. 

Luting. — The  Malaysians  lute  their  carved  wooden  buckets  with 
gutta  when  they  become  cracked.  The  Jakuns  employ  also  the  wax 
from  the  honey  of  the  wild  bee. 

Mad  loeave  {Anyam^  gila). — A technic  in  strips  of  pandanus  leaf 
worked  in  pairs,  in  three  directions,  so  as  to  present  the  appearance 
of  rhomb,  cubes,  and  six-pointed  stars  in  different  lights.  The  work 
begins  at  the  center  of  the  bottom,  proceeds  outward  to  the  border 
and  upward  to  the  rim,  where  the  strips  are  turned  back  and  worked 
under  to  the  place  of  starting  by  means  of  a dull  bodkin,  called  a 
pricker.  Plate  XII  shows  the  bottom  and  the  top  of  the  mad  weave — 
the  rhomb  decussations,  the  six-pointed  stars,  the  cubic  forms,  the 
turning  back  at  the  borders  for  the  double  weave  and  figures  made  by 
curling  are  all  shown.  Some  of  the  Sempang  Malay  mats  appear  to 
be  thus  woven ; the  jirepared  leaf  strips  are  doubled  over  lengthwise 
and  alternately  inclose  and  go  between  the  corresponding  opposite 
double  strip  in  the  weave,  instead  of  going  first  to  one  side  and  then 
the  other — that  is,  in  and  out  over  the  opposite  strands. 

Manila  hemp. — (See  Poolay.) 

Mat. — xV  convenient  name  for  basketwork  not  made  into  receptacles. 
From  pandanus  and  like  materials  the  Malaysian  peoples  make  all 
sorts  of  things  for  household  use.  xV  mat  acquires  a multitude  of 
names  from  its  uses.  (Kloss,  xVndamans  and  Nicobars,  ]).  IS.) 

Materials — This  term  includes  all  the  substances  that  enter  into 
Malaysian  basketwork  in  its  most  liberal  acceptation — mineral,  rcgc- 
tal,  and  animal;  raw  and  prepared;  native  and  commercial;  root, 
stem,  and  leav(>s;  filaments,  stri})s,  sj)lits,  half  stems;  ‘A*ane  pith/’ 
spathes,  and  joints. 


32 


rROCEEI)lX(hS  OE  TEE  XATIOX AL  MUl^ElJM. 


VOL.  XXXV. 


Miter. — To  give  angular  forms  to  rattan  hoops,  they  are  kerfed  at 
the  proper  places.  More  than  that,  though  the  people  in  their  prim- 
itive state  know  not  the  use  of  the  saw,  still  they  manage  to  produce 
angular  parts,  even  from  hard  woods,  and  cover  ugly  joints  with 
knot  work.  (See  Kerf.) 

Molding. — In  the  unfinished  baskets  sent  by  Doctor  Abbott  for 
study  the  body  is  being  molded  over  a form.  In  the  cylindrical  pieces 

this  may  be  a 
coil  of  bark  or  a 
round  stick  of 
wood  to  the  out- 
side of  w h i c h 
four  sharp  strips 
of  bamboo  are 
lashed  for  shap- 
ing the  bottom 
and  starting  the 
round  body.  F or 
two  conical  spec- 
imens from  West 
Borneo  the 
molds  are  old 
baskets  with  a 
number  of  bam- 
boo sticks  lashed 
about  them. 

Fig.  31.  (Cat. 
No.  244347,  U.S. 
N.M.)  shows  the 
method  of  set- 
ting up  the  mold 
a n d beginning 
the  work  on  a 
small,  pretty  siri 
basket  from 
Lower  Sakaiam 
Elver,  Borneo. 
The  interior 
mold'  is  a cylin- 
drical block  of 

wood,  not  necessarily  perfect  in  form,  since  outer  wrappings  will 
remedy  defects.  At  what  are  to  be  the  angles  of  the  bottom,  strips  of 
bamboo  are  set,  the  pointed  ends  being  downward,  and  leaf  or  bast  is 
tied  about  the  outside.  Before  the  mold  is  applied,  the  bottom  is 
woven  in  checker  or  twill,  from  fine  strips,  all  of  which  turn  up  for 
warps.  The  upsett  is  the  connection  between  the  square  base  and  the 


Fig.  31. — Process  op  making  a basket  over  a wooden  mold. 


NO.  1631.  VOCABULARY  OF  MALAYSIAN  BASKETYORK— MASON . 33 

"cylindrical  mold.  The  body  may  be  then  completed  in  any  style  of 
technic. 

Fig.  32.  (Cat.  No.  244354,  U.S.N.M.)  is  a nearly  completed  siri 
basket  in  ivhich  the  mold  is  based  on  a roll  of  very  tough  and  rigid 
bark  and  the  corners  of  the  bottom  are  established  on  four  strips  of 
bamboo,  the  glossy  sides  outward.  The  elements  of  the  bottom  are 
turned  up  for  warps  and,  in  this  specimen,  the  cylinder  was  but  partly 
achieved,  the  corners  only  being  rounded.  The  upsett  is  distinctly 
patterned  and  the  proc- 
ess of  figuring  the 
body  is  shown.  The 
plain  weaving  might 
be  replaced  by  endless 
varieties  of  technic. 

M ousing. — In  coiled 
basketwork,  .a  double 
wrapping  of  the  active 
part,  resembling  the 
sailor  acceptation  of 
the  term.  In  its  sim- 
plest forms  it  looks 
like  the  script  letter  /. 

(See  fig.  26  and  Leh- 
mann, figs.  38,  39,  44.) 

Movements. — The  ac- 
tive parts  of  a tech- 
nical process  of  the 
Malaysians  move  in 
general  from  left  to- 
ward the  right,  while 
the  civilized  woman 
works  toward  the  left. 

In  this  general  proc- 
ess toward  the  right 
the  Malaysian  woman 
makes  subsidiary  movements  for  each  check  or  unit  in  the  work. 
Tliese  may  be  spoken  of  as  up  or  down,  in  or  out  (toward  the  workei- 
or  on  the  side  away  from  the  worker),  inside  or  outside  (referring  to 
a receptacle),  right  side  or  Avrong  side  (referring  to  the  fabric); 
right  or  left,  if  horizontal,  and  right  oblique  or  left  oblique,  if 
inclined;  under,  over,  around,  or  through,  to  suit  each  case. 

Needle. — The  needle  with  an  eye  is  not  known  in  Malaysian  basket- 
work,  })ut  needknvork,  or  sometliing  I’esembling  it,  is  veiw  common 
and  (jiiite  oruaniental  011  bjiskc't  borders.  Holes  are  drilled  through 


STIFF  BAUK. 


Proc.  N.  M.  vol.  XXXV — 08 3 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 


VOL.  XXXV. 


84 

the  hoops  and  the  sewing  is  done  with  fine  filaments  of  rattan.  (See 
Drill.) 

Xibong. — A palm  whose  leaf  sewed  with  rattan  serves  for  a boat 
bailer.  (Cat.  No.  232680,  U.S.N.M.) 

Xipa. — A palm  Xypa  frutlcans  whose  leaves  are  made  by  the 
iMalays  into  coarse,  strong  “ bikars,”  or  sleeping  mats. 

Oblique  technic. — A process  that  begins  at  one  corner  of  a mat  or 
other  structure.  In  twills,  hexagons,  octagons,  the  elements  that  lean 
to  the  right  are  dextral,  or  right  oblique ; to  the  left,  are  sinistral,  or 
left  oblique. 

O penworh. — Technics  in  which  the  parts  are  not  close  together. 
The  results  are  slits,  triangles,  rectangles,  rhombs,  pentagons,  octa- 
gons, and  irregular  open  spaces. 

Ornamentation. — Artistic  effects  in  basketwork.  It  includes  the 
choice  and  association  of  a great  variety  of  materials;  the  adoption 
of  correct  shapes  and  colors  in  the  things  made  and  their  parts;  in 
the  refinement  of  technical  processes — checker,  twine,  coil;  diamond 
and  scroll  patterns  in  tAvill  and  color;  in  knotwork  and  braiding;  in 
carving,  overlaying,  and  embroidery.  The  body  is  the  foundation 
and  background  of  ornamentation. 

0 cerhancl. — The  knotwork  at  the  tops  of  uprights  on  basket  borders 
covering  the  rim  stays  are  in  sailor  language  called  overhand  weaving 
in  single  strand.  The  strand  may  be  stem,  split,  strip,  string,  or  fila- 
ment. 

Ooerlaying. — In  American  basketry  the  term  is  applied  to  the 
process  of  laying  a pretty  straw  on  a tough  fiber;  but  the  Eastern 
Avomen  hide  unattractive  features  Avith  a charming  variety  in  knot- 
Avork,  braidAvork,  and  seAvings.  Overlaying  in  Malaysia  occurs  rarely 
in  the  American  sense. 

Packing^  or  padding. — The  insertion  of  soft  material  betAveen  hard 
j oilier Avork  and  delicate  textile,  to  equalize  the  strain. 

Pandanus. — Of  many  uses  in  Malaysian  basketry.  (See  Haeckel, 
India  and  Ceylon,  N.  Y.,  1883,  p.  99.) 

The  panclaims  (Pandaniis  odoratissimiis)  belongs  to  the  most  singular  char- 
acter of  plants  of  the  Tropics.  It  is  closely  allied  to  the  palms,  and  is  also 
called  screw-palm,  or,  more  improperly,  screw-pine.  The  low  cylindrical  stem, 
which  groAvs  from  20  to  40  feet  high,  is  twisted,  and  branched  like  a candela- 
brum ; at  the  extremity  of  every  branch  grows  a thick  tuft  of  large  sword- 
shape  leaves  similar  to  those  of  the  draciena  and  the  yucca.  Some  of  the  leaves 
are  a light  green,  others  a much  darker  hue;  they  are  gracefully  twisted,  and 
their  spiral  arrangement  around  the  stem  gives  it  the  appearance  of  a perfectly 
regular  screw.  From  the  base  of  every  tuft  hangs  a cluster  of  white,  deli- 
ciously fragrant  flowers,  or  a large  red  fruit  like  the  anona.  But  the  plant's 
most  remarkable  feature  is  the  slender  adventitious  roots,  which  giA'^e  it  the 
appearance  of  walking  on  stilts.  A clump  of  pandanus  trees  offers  a fantastic 
sight  as  the  stems  rise  on  their  stilts  above  the  lower  shrubbery  or  stalk  about 
over  the  rocks  along  the  shore. 


NO.  1631.  VOCABULARY  OF  AIALAYSIAN  BASKETWORK— MASON.  35 


Parts  of  baskets. — Mala^^sian  baskets  are  much  more  broken  up  into 
parts  than  American.  In  both  areas  there  will  be,  in  the  plainest 
structures,  such  as  mats,  wallets,  and  checkerwork  baskets,  wrong 
side  and  right  side,  outside  and  inside,  top,  bottom,  and  sides.  But 
the  fidl-fiedged  carrying  basket  is  a bewildering  association  of  parts. 
A technic  part  or  unit  is  the  full  movement  of  the  active  parts  once. 
The  result  is  one  check,  decussation,  twill,  stitch,  twist,  curl,  bend, 
bight,  hitch,  coil,  or  knot.  (See  also  under  Structural  loarts.) 

Pierced  ^(^6>rZ^.^Applied  to  all  uses  of  the  awl,  or  piercer,  in  basket- 
work.  The  abundant  employment  of  wood  brings  sewing  into  this 
art,  which  is  not  done  with  the  needle,  but  after  the  shoemaker's 
fashion,  with  a sharpened  filament  of  rattan  through  holes  pierced 
with  metal  tools.  (See  Drill.') 

Pina. — Delicate  texture  from  pineapple  leaf.  Ananas  ananas. 

Pinned  work. — The  joining  of  palm,  pandanus,  and  other  leaves  by 
pinning  them  with  splinters  of  rigid  material  run  in  and  out  through 
them.  (See  Plates  IX,  X,  XI.) 

Plaiting. — Folding  leaves  like  the  plaiting  in  garments.  To  be 
distinguished  from  braiding. 

Plants. — The  plants  used  in  the  Malaysian  basketwork  have  not  all 
been  studied  for  native  or  scientific  names.  The  best  known  are  the 
bamboos,  rattans,  palms,  and  climbing  ferns.  (For  Borneo,  see  Bec- 
cari,  pp.  507-636;  for  the  Philippines,  E.  D.  Merrill.) 

Ply. — To  be  used  in  speaking  of  flat  surfaces,  as  2-ply,  3-ply,  and 
so  on.  AVork  in  pandanus  leaf,  palm  leaf,  bamboo  skin,  spathe,  or 
bast  may  be  thus  made.  Not  to  be  confounded  with  Strand. 

PooZay.— Filament  of  the  pesang  {Musa  textilis).  (Marsden’s 
Sumatra,  p.  146.)  A tall  perennial  herb  of  the  same  genus  as  the 
banana.  Manila  hemp.  When  dressed  it  is  of  two  qualities,  finer 
for  shawls,  coarser  for  rope. 

Pricker. — A tapering  bone  or  piece  of  metal  used  in  mad  weave  and 
other  basketwork  for  inserting  ends  into  the  existing  texture.  (See 
Plate  IV.) 

. Processes. — There  are  certain  processes  in  basketwork  that  may  be 
described,  whose  procedures  are  quite  independent  of  the  result. 
Among  them  are  braiding,  coiling,  knotting,  looming,  matting,  net- 
ting, omitting,  sewing,  spinning,  twilling,  and  Avrapping.  These  com- 
bine in  all  possible  ways  to  their  results. 

Products. — The  products  of  basketwork  Avill  be  found  under  Uses 
of  basketwork. 

Rattan. — (See  Calamus.) 

Rhomd)oidal  work. — Basketwork  in  pandanus  leaf  and  other  thin 
matei’ial  in  which  the  surface  is  made  up  of  a series  of  rhombs  or  dia- 
monds. Called  also  “ Mad  weave which  see. 


36 


FROCEEDIXaS  OF  THE  X ATTOXAL  .MnAEl'M. 


VOL.  XXXV. 


Right  oblique . — Same  as  dextral.  Applied  to  the  textile  elements 
that  lean  to  the  right  looking  upward.  Seen  in  twills,  hexagonal, 
octagonal,  and  rhomb  weaves. 

Rim. — As  distinguished  from  the  added  border,  the  rim  of  a basket 
is  the  upper  edge  of  the  special  technic  which  constitutes  the  body. 
The  ways  in  which  tlie  body  elements  are  cut  oil',  turned  down  and 
plicated,  wrapped  and  fastened  oft'  give  names  to  rims,  their  nature 
resulting  from  the  work  on  the  body — checker,  twill,  twine,  etc. 

Fig.  18  (Cat.  No.  :22i5i21,  U.S.N.M.)  gives  an  idea  of  the  wa}^  in 
which  the  long  ends  of  oblique  stems  in  hexagonal  work  are  turned 
back  and  inwoven  to  give  variety  to  the  texture. 

Rotan  Sega. — The  toughest  of  all  rattans  for  basketwork — borders, 
carrying  parts,  sewing,  strengthening,  supporting.  Planted  exten- 
sively by  Dyaks. 

Sago  yalm. — Midribs  are  stripped  and  bolted  together  for  shields 
in  Nias.  (Cat.  No.  2872U.) 


Sand  paper, — Applied  to  various  species  of  plants  whose  leaves 
have  a siliceous  surface  and  are  used  in  polishing. 

Sarong. — In  Malaysia,  a piece  of  woven  stuff  enveloping  the  body. 
Worn  by  both  sexes. 

Seizing. — The  process  or  result  of  lashing  the  parts  of  basketwork 
together  by  turns  of  flexible  material.  To  the  sailor  terms  round 
seizing,”  “ throat  seizing,”  and  “ racking  seizing  ” the  Abbott  baskets 
add  many  other  puzzling  ways  of  joining  the  textile  parts. 

Sennit. — A convenient  name  to  retain  for  fiat  braidwork,  which 
may  be  used  apart  or  worked  into  other  technic.  (See  Braidwork.) 

Sera  pang. — Trident  fish  spear.  West  Borneo.  There  are  four  sorts 
of  ‘‘  anyi  ” (weaving  or  braiding)  on  each  serapang  properly  made 
and  three  kinds  of  rattan. 

Sets. — The  cycloidal  curling  of  a single  element  is  very  common 
in  Malaysia;  but  this  element  may  be  two,  three,  or  more  stems, 
splits,  etc.,  that  lie  parallel  in  the  work.  They  should  be  spoken  of 
as  single,  double,  triple,  quadruple.  In  knotwork  double  or  triple 


xo.  1631.  rOCAliVLARY  OF  MALAYSIAX  BASKE'nVORK— MASON.  37 


sets  of  elements  may  all  be  functioned  alike,  or  the  knotworks  may 
be  in  sets,  as  about  the  border  of  a siri  basket.  (See  fig.  33.) 

Sewing. — A convenient  name  for  technic  in  basketry  in  which  holes 
are  pierced  and  slender  filaments  of  rattan  are  used  singly  or  in  series 
for  joining  and  for  ornament.  Seen  on  shields  as  well  as  baskets. 
On  the  latter  it  serves  to  hold  the  foot,  the  uprights,  the  border  hoops 
together  and  in  place.  Many  examples  in  the  Abbott  collection,  es- 
pecially from  Borneo. 

Fig.  3t  (Cat.  No.  221625,  IJ.S.N.M.)  illustrates  the  double  sewing 
associated  with  imitation  of  twined  weaving  done  on  Malaysian 
shields.  In  the  drawing  the  dark  split 
or  stem  is  doubled  in  the  middle  and 
passed  through  the  first  hole  in  the 
shield.  The  two  ends  are  then  laced 
through  the  other  holes,  making  a 
twine  at  each  stitch.  At  the  same  time 
each  end  is  twined  a few  times  with 
another  split  that  does  not  go  through 
the  holes  in  the  shield  excepting  the 
first  one. 

Fig.  35  (Cat.  No.  237061,  U.S.N.M.) 
is  of  the  same  type,  but  two  outside 
splits  are  twisted  in,  making  a three- 
strand  twine. 

Shoulder. — The  rim  of  a basket  fitted 
to  receive  a close  cover.  (See  Cover.') 

Sides. — The  Englisli  and  American 
makers  call  the  body  of  a basket 
“ sides.”  The  sides  of  a Malaysian  bas- 
ket may  be  quite  distinct  or  all  alike. 

The  latter  may  be  threC-sided,  four- 
sided, or  many-sided,  depending  on 
the  shape  of  the  fi-amework. 

Single. — Term  apj)lied  to  that  vari- 
ety of  technic  in  which  there  is  no  pas- 
sive part  or  foundation,  and  one  active, 
moving  element  or  set  of  elements. 

Examples  of  such  basketwork  are  to 
be  seen  in  America,  but  they  are  not 
classed  apart.  (See  figs.  42  and  100  of  Aboriginal  American 
Basketry.)  In  Malaysia  the  long,  rigid,  and  elastic  stems  render  it 
possible  to  make  wider  excursions  of  technic.  The  word  “ single  ” 
(lo(5S  not  necessarily  mean  one  stem,  foi-  there  may  be  several  side  by 
side,  as  shown  in  the  illustrations;  but  they  are  all  doing  active  servic(‘ 
and  all  performing  the  self-same  motions,  curving  and  interlocking. 
(See  Plate  XIII.) 


;^8 


PROCEEDTXaS  OF  THE  XATIO^AL  MUSEL’M. 


VOL.  XXXV. 


Plate  XT\  (Cat.  Xo.  '2*215*25,  U.S.X.^I.)  is  a good  example  of  the 
interlocking  cycloid,  with  three  stems  cooperating,  the  dropping 
(mt  of  a stem  and  another  taking  the  place  while  the  motive  goes  on. 
This  plate  shows  the  technic  in  position.  It  is  a carrying  basket  from 
Sikakap  Strait,  Pagi  Islands,  west  of  Sumatra.  The  body  is  a sin- 
gle piece  of  spathe  or  inner  bark  rolled  into  the  form  of  an  inverted 
cone.  On  the  top  the  technic  shown  in  the  drawing  is  in  jdace.  It 
was  made  independently  of  the  l)asket  and  sewed  on  afterwards  with 

a split  of  the  same 
material.  The  bottom 
is  of  wood,  set  in. 
The  hoops  at  the  top 
and  bottom  are  in 
pairs  and  are  held  in 
])lace  by  single  roAvs 
of  the  ^lalay  knot- 
work.  The  running 
of  splits  in  and  out 
and  the  knots  tied  on 
the  edges  of  the  bark 
are  to  be  noted. 

Cat.  Xo.  24TTI9, 
XhS.X.M.,  Plate  XTTI, 
may  be  called  a bur- 
den crate,  Avith  boAA^ed 
framework,  back  of 
bast  and  sides  of  rat- 
tan in  single  technic 
element,  one-stem  and 
tAvo-stem,  forming  in- 
terlocking cycloids. 
Th.e  shape  should  be 
compared  Avith  that 
of  California  cradles. 

Sinistra  1. — See 
[Left  oblique.) 

Sheieer. — A strip  of  bamboo  or  hardAvood  sharpened  at  both  ends 
and  thrust  into  a texture  to  stiffen  it. 

Slath. — In  English  basketAvork,  tAvo  rods  or  splits  used  to  "hold 
together  and  in  place  the  bottom  sticks  at  the  beginning  of  a round 
basket  (Okey).  Malaysian  baskets  start  differently.  (See  Bottom- 
worh.) 

Spatheicorh. — ( See  Leaf  work. ) 

Spiral. — This  term  may  be  used  in  describing  much  Malaysian  tex- 
tile work,  for  ornamentation  as  well  as  for  use.  There  may  be  flat, 
conical,  or  cylindrical  spiral. 


xo.  1631.  VOCABULARY  OF  MALAY8IAY  BASKETWORK—MASOY. 


39 


SpUceworl'. — ^lethods  employed  in  Malaysian  basketwork  for  nnit- 
ing  the  ends  of  two  pieces  of  wood  or  the  two  ends  of  a hoop.  A'Hiere 
applicable  the  usual  names  of  splices  giyen  by  mechanics  may  serye, 
as  halying.  lap  splice,  doyetail,  scarfed  joint,  fished  joint,  ship  lap. 
The  hook  splice  of  the  barrel  hoop  does  not  appear;  but.  owing  to 
the  wonderful  qualities  of  rattan,  some  new  forms  occur,  as  the  hook- 
and-eye  splice,  loop  splice,  sewed  splice,  pinned  splice. 

Split. — One  of  the  parts  into  which  a rattan  or  other  stem  is  diyided 
for  textile  work  after  it  has  been  ganged  and  shayed.  Preferred  to 
splint.  Splitwork  will  be  any  kind  of  technic  in  which  splits  are 
the  materials. 

Stay. — In  Malaysian  basketwork,  something  on  the  inside  of  a 
basket,  as  a strip  or  split  of  rattan,  to  keep  knot  work  from  pulling 
through  the  delicate  textile,  as  bottom  stay,  upright  stay,  border  or 
rim  stay. 

Stitches. — On  fine  borders,  footing,  and  elsewhere,  small  holes  are 
bored  and  delicate  fibers  of  rattan  and  other  plants  are  passed  through 
and  around,  as  in  sewing.  Xo  needle  is  used,  but  in  this  way  parts 
are  “ whipped  ''  together.  The  separate  rounds  may  be  called  stitches. 
(See  also  DnJl.) 

Strand. — One  of  the  elements  of  thread,  twine,  rope,  or  braid. 
These  are  spoken  of  as  1 -strand,  2-strand,  etc.,  and  may  themselyes 
become  the  elements  of  textile  fabrics. 

Strengthening  parts. — Term  applied  to  the  framework  and  other 
parts  of  basketwork  put  in  the  right  place  to  effect  the  purpose  and 
add  little  to  the  weight.  These  natiyes  are  past  masters  in  economic 
use  of  such  structures.  They  are  worked  in  or  added  on.  Hoops, 
single  or  in  pairs;  additional  wales  in  the  weaying;  splits  wrapped 
about  a structure;  woodwork,  braces,  stays — all  giye  strength,  with 
the  minimum  of  material. 

Strip. — A ribbon-like  section  cut  from  a leaf  or  other  thin  sub- 
stance and  used  in  checker  or  other  flat  technic. 

Structural  parts. — The  complete  Malaysian  burden  basket  (Plates 
II,  III,  V,  VI,  VII,  VIII,  XIII)  has  many  structural  parts,  while 
the  American  Indian  makes  hers  almost  in  one  piece.  There  will  be 
a little  special  treatment  at  the  start,  more  about  the  border,  but 
practically  her  work  is  a unit.  The  ])ossible  parts  of  a iMalaysian 
basket  are  bottom,  l)races  and  stays,  foot,  u])sett,  body,  border,  coyer, 
framework,  carrying  i>arts,  ornaments,  and  accessories.  Of  these 
it  is  })ossible  to  note  the  j)resence  or  absence;  the  materials  in  their 
yariety,  j)reparation,  and  combinations;  shape,  technic,  and  quality 
of  each  part.  In  some  ^lalaysian  baskets  the  structural  parts  are 
all  merged,  as  in  tlie  American.  In  others  these  parts  haye  ditferent 
metliods  of  expression  and  degrees  of  independence.  The  many  ]X)s- 
s.ble  ways  of  ell'ecting  these  combinations  giye  unlimiteil  scope  to 


40 


PROCEEDIXGS  OF  THE  XATIOXAL  MUSEUM. 


VOL.  ,'wXXV. 


the  imagination  of  the  artist.  The  term  structural  pai't  as  aj^plietl 
to  materials  includes  stems,  half  stems,  splits,  strips,  fibers,  filaments, 
leaves,  roots,  and  whatever  other  parts  of  a plant  enters  in.  Cat.  No. 
221504,  U.S.N.M.,  Plate  III,  is  a graceful  burden  basket  in  hex- 
agonal technic,  six-sided,  pointed  at  the  bottom,  with  abundance  of 
hoopwork  at  the  carrying  zone  and  on  the  border. 

Symbolism. — Upon  this  word  American  and  Malaysian  l)asketworlc 
part  company.  In  America  the  spirit  world  liA^es  and  has  its  being 
on  basketry  and  ])ottery;  but  Malaysian  textiles  of  every  sort,  even 
the  most  adorned,  are  as  mute  on  religion  “ as  though  that  soul  Avere 
dead.”  Of  a pictorial  epoch  or  stage  there 
are  no  survivals  in  the  fictile  or  textile  art. 
If  one  ever  existed,  hundreds  of  years  under 
Buddhistic  and  then  Mohammedan  poAver 
have  obliterated  eA^ery  trace. 

Tapa. — Original  clothing  of  the  Sumatrans, 
still  used  among  the  Bejangs  for  their  Avork- 
ing  dress.  It  is  the  inner  bark  of  the  “ cala- 
Avee,”  a bastard  breadfruit,  beat  out  to  the 
fineness  re(piired.  (Marsden,  p.  43.)  It  is 
sometimes  dyed  yelloAv,  but  usually  remains 
the  natural  light  broAvn  color.  Occurs  prac- 
tically all  OA^er  the  islands. 

Technic  (technique). — All  the  textile  proc- 
esses employed  in  basketwork  and  other  handi- 
crafts. It  embraces  the  preparation  of  mate- 
rials and  all  the  methods  of  putting  them 
together,  as  well  as  the  results  of  those  proc- 
esses. Baskets  and  basketwork  may  be  classi- 
fied by  the  technic.  This  Avas  done  for  the 
American  Avare  (Aboriginal  American  Bas- 
ketry, Keport  U.  S.  National  Museum,  1902, 
p.  190),  and  is  here  attempted  for  the  Malay- 
sian. Many  of  the  American  processes  Avill  appear  in  Malaysia  and 
Avill  receiA^e  the  same  names ; other  processes  and  A^ariants  will  require 


Fig.  36.  — Beginning  of 

SINGLE-STEM  BASKET. 


additional  terms. 

In  the  Abbott  collections  from  his  areas  in  Malacca,  Sumatra,  Bor- 
neo, and  vicinity,  one  is  struck  with  the  numberless  variations  in  each 
class  of  technic  and  Avith  their  combinations. 

1.  For  example,  from  the  single-element  technic,  Avhich  consists 
of  the  bending,  Avinding,  and  interlocking  of  the  most  simply  curved, 
sinuous,  spiral  figure-of-8  movement  of  a single  rattan  stem  or  other 
long  element,  the  AveaA^er  multiplies  her  stems  and  proceeds  to  Avork 
Avith  two  or  more  laid  side  by  side  to  create  neAv  artistic  patterns. 


NO.  1631.  VOCABULARY  OF  MALAYSIA^  BABKETV^'ORK— MASON.  4I 


Figs.  36-38  (Cat.  No.  216305,  U.S.N.M.)  show  a single-stem  basket 
from  Simalur  Island,  northwest  of  Sumatra.  It  is  a wonder  how  a 
savage  woman  ever  thought  of  so  intricate  a thing.  The  handle  is  a 
rod  or  stem  of  rattan  doubled  in  the  middle.  After  being  clasped 
together  with  a ring  of  braidwork,  each  end  is  split  into  four  parts, 
making  eight  warp  stems,  which  are  knotted  at  the  bottom  and  from 
that  point  become  wrapped  weft.  See  drawings  «,  5,  c,  fig.  36,  show- 
ing the  doubled  and  split  stem,  the  attachment  of  braidwork,  the 
knotting  of  the  warps  at 
the  bottom,  and  the  com- 
mencement of  the  wrapped 
weaving.  Each  split  makes 
a turn  or  half  hitch 
around  a warp,  passes  the 
next  one,  and  continues  to 
make  a half  hitch  around 
every  alternate  warp  until 
exhausted.  About  half 
way  up,  the  ends  of  these 
are  tied  to  additional 
splits  of  rattan,  continu- 
ing the  process  of  half 
hitches;  but,  the  spaces 
between  the  warps  being 
wider,  the  wefts  form, 
plaits.  See  drawings  c, 

/,  y,  figs.  37,  38,  for  the 
finishing  processes.  At 
the  rim  the  ends  are  fas- 
tened off  by  simply  pass- 
ing into  the  old  knots. 

2.  Checkerwork,  both 
close  and  open,  erect  and 
oblique,  abounds  in  the 
Abbott  Malaysian  collec- 
tions. If  made  in  strips  of 
soft  material,  like  pan- 
danus  leaf,  tliis  technic  lends  itself  ever  for  both  useful  and  decorative 
work — for  matting,  baskets,  wallets,  reticules,  and  so  on.  In  more  deli- 
cate fibers  it  leads  up  to  the  finest  loomwork,  while  in  rigid  materials 
it  gives  itself  most  readily  to  the  fabric  of  bottoms,  the  elements  be- 
coming spokes  or  warj)s  of  the  body  of  the  basket.  (Figs.  1,  14.) 

3.  Twillwork,  in  which  all  elements  are  active  and  pass  under  and 
over  different  numbers  of  strands,  two  or  more,  or  not  the  same 
strands  from  one  course  to  another,  is  at  liome  all  over  Mala^^sia, 


42 


PROCEEDlKOi^  OF  THE  SATIOSAL  MUSEUM. 


VOL.  XXXV. 


owing  to  the  abundance  of  materials  eveiTwliere  for  such  technic.  It 
may  be  divided  into  erect  and  oblique,  plain  and  diagonal,  and  great 
differences  are  possible  through  varying  thickness,  width,  color,  and 
number  in  crossing.  These  in  many  examples  produce  artistic  effects 
of  great  beauty.  (See  Plates  V,  Yl,  and  fig.  1.) 

4.  Wicker  is  basket  technic,  in  Avhich  rigid  passive  elements,  or 
stakes,  are  crossed  regularly,  over  and  under,  by  active  elements  that 
are  flexible.  Ivattan  and  like  plants  are  specially  ada])ted  to  wicker- 
work, wliich  in  its  coarest  forms,  such  as  game  fences  and  fish  weirs, 
must  liave  furnished  the  earliest  types  of  basketwork.  Wicker,  in  its 
finest  specimens,  may  be  made  ornate;  it  runs  easily  into  twillwork 
and  twinework.  (See  Plates  I,  XYI,  and  figs.  5,  8.) 

5.  AYrapped  work  includes  all  hand  textiles  in  which  the  passive 
parts  are  held  together  l)y  a flexible  active  part  which  at  regvdar 
places  is  wrapped  about  them.  T have  elsewhere  called  this  “bird- 
cage ” technic,  re- 
ferring to  the  wire 
cages  wherein  the 
stiff  wires  cross  at 
right  angles  and 
the  intersections 
are  wrapped  about 
with  fine  w i r e. 
Many  varieties  of 
the  wrappedwork 
exist  in  Malaysia, 
and  they  will  be 
illustrated  under 

Fig.  3S. — Finishing  processes  on  single-stem  basket.  . , ■. 

special  examples. 

The  passive  parts  are  not  always  weft,  but  latticed  foundations  are 
encircled  by  the  active  running  up  and  down,  in  and  out,  like  clinging 
vines.  (See  figs.  40,  41.) 

0.  Twinedwork  includes  those  hand  textiles  in  which  the  passive 
parts,  called  “ stakes  ” by  English  basket-makers,  are  held  together 
and  in  place  by  twine  of  two  or  more  strands.  The  technic  is  called 
2-strand,  3-strand,  and  so  on,  according  to  the  number  of  strands  in 
the  active  part.  Associated  with  twined  work  is  braidwork,  in  which 
the  active  elements  are  braided  in  and  out  among  the  passive,  but 
the  appearance  is  quite  the  same. 

Twinedwork  may  be  wicker  or  twilled,  open  or  close,  fine  or  coarse, 
and  by  making  one  of  its  elements  rigid  it  may  be  merged  into 
wrappedwork.  On  a basket  the  twinedwork  may  be  continuous  in  one 
direction  from  round  to  round,  or  the  consecutive  rounds  may  be 
boustrophic.  An  openwork  effect  is  secured  by  including  alternate 
pairs  of  stakes  in  going  around. 


NO.  1631.  Vocabulary  of  malaybiay  babkFt.work—mabox. 


43 


7.  Coiled  technic  in  Malaysia  covers  a multitude  of  variations. 
The  long,  tough  staples  are  favorable  to  its  development.  In  all  the 
so-called  coiling  processes  the  actives  do  not  cross  the  passives,  but  go 
around  them  and  around  with  them.  There  is  no  distinction  of  warp 
and  weft.  Coiled  ware  has  been  classified  by  the  number  and  treat- 
ment of  passive  parts  in  the  foundation  and  by  the  methods  of  work- 
ing the  active  parts  about  them,  singly  or  in  pairs,  as  wrapping, 
half-hitching,  twisting,  mousing,  and  figure-of-8  work.  The  com- 
bining of  two  or  more  varieties  of  coiled  work  gives  the  basket-maker 
all  the  chance  she  asks  for  her  versatility.  (See  Aboriginal  Ameri- 
can Basketry,  p.  247.)  In  Malaysian  coiled  basketry  the  nine  Ameri- 
can varieties  are  not  copied,  but  there  are  both  similarities  and  differ- 
ences. For  example,  in  the  Eastern  ware  the  active  split  often 
pierces  the  foundation  stem  beneath,  a thing  not  frequent  in  America. 

8.  Three  or  more  series  of  textile  elements  moving  in  .separate  direc- 
tions give  rise  to 


Fig.  39. — Thkee-dikections  technic  with  varying  elements. 


triangular,  rhom- 
boidal,  hexagon- 
al, and  octagonal 
patterns  of  tech- 
nic. The  ver- 
tical, horizontal, 
right  oblique, 
and  left  oblique 
elements  may  be 
all  alike  and  ac- 
tive, or  certain  of 
them  may  differ 
from  the  rest  in 

width,  thickness,  color,  and  pliability.  The  technic  may  be  openwork 
or  close  and  the  varied  methods  of  superposition  create  differences 
in  the  result.  All  over  the  Orient  the  polygonal  styles  of  basket- 
wT)rk  have  had  a wonderful  development.  The  Japanese  reach  ex- 
traordinary results  in  their  practice.  (See  Plates  III,  VII,  XII,  and 
figs.  18-20.’) 

9.  For  basketwork,  chainwork,  sennit,  knotwork,  hoopwork,  and 
other  joinerwork,  the  separate  words  must  be  consulted.  The  com- 
bining and  mixing  of  all  the  varieties  mentioned  constitutes  the  ever- 
present surprise  in  Malaysian  basketwork.  In  describing  a number  of 
specimens  it  makes  classification  difficult,  for  each  structural  part 
seems  to  follow  categories  of  its  own. 

Cat.  No.  221534,  U.S.N.M.  (see  Plate  II  and  fig.  89),  is  a good  ex- 
arrq:)le  of  the  tliree-direction  technic,  the  elements  differing  in  width, 
rigidity,  and  treatment.  The  wide  horizontal  and  the  narrow  ver- 
tical are  latticed  so  as  to  make  openwork  below  and  closework  near 


PR0CEEDJXG8  OF  THE  XATIOXAL  ME^EZAI. 


TOL.  XXXV. 


44 

the  border.  The  left  obliques  are  not  merely  laced  among  the  others, 
but  curl  in  passing  so  as  to  have  the  soft  inside  of  the  split  against 
the  other  elements. 

Lehmann " has  brought  togetlier  the  hand  textiles  of  the  tvorld 
under  the  term  Getlechtsarten,  as  distinguished  from  Gewerbe,  tvhich 
would  inchide  the  machine  textiles,  or  loomwork.  There  are  3 plates 
and  105  illustrations,  and  some  of  them  cover  two  oi-  more  technics, 
llis  analysis  of  the  Getlechtsarten  is  as  follows: 

(1)  Elements  run  in  two  directions,  both  active.  Includes  open 
and  close  checker,  upright  and  oblique  twills,  and  ornamental  work 
under  the  same  definition.  (Plate  T,  tigs.  ‘2-0.) 

(2)  Active  parts  unite  a definite  nnmber  of  passive  parts.  In- 
cludes Avicker-,  tAvined-,  Avrapped-,  and  coiledwork  of  every  kind. 
(Figs.  1,  T-10,  12-25,  27-31,  34^6.)  This  is  by  far  the  largest  of 
Doctor  Lehmann's  groups. 

(3)  Ikissive  2)arts  running  parallel  are  united  Avith  flexible  parts 
running  in  tAvo  directions.  Tavo  oblique  flexible  sets  are  united  by 
rigid  horizontal  elements.  (Figs.  47-52.) 

(4)  Active  textile  elements  in  three  or  four  directions,  making  A 
hexagonal  Avea\^e,  P>  octagonal  or  chair-bottom  AveaAX\  (Figs.  53-58.) 

(5)  Technic  in  a single  moving  part  or  element,  though  it  may  con- 
sist of  tAvo  or  more  stems  side  by  side.  There  are  three  ground  forms, 
the  continuous  coil  (A)  ; the  sinuous  movement  (B)  ; and  the  figure- 
of-8  (C).  (Figs.  59-G3.) 

(G)  Technic  of  two  sets  of  passive  elements  lying  parallel,  the  sets 
generally  latticed  at  right  angles  and  fastened  together  by  means  of 
elements  interlaced  in  like  particular  direction.  (Figs.  G5-83.)  It  is 
latticeAA  ork,  fastened  together  by  interlacing  or  Avrapping.  The  bird- 
cage technic  of  the  American  Avare.  (Figs.  G5-84.) 

(7)  Technic  from  tAvo  or  more  active  elements  bending  in  two  or 
more  directions.  A,  made  by  varying  other  technics  (figs.  15,  32,  33, 
23,  24)  ; B (fig.  84),  interlocking  bights  at  right  angles;  C (fig.  90), 
interlocking  sinuosities;  I)  (fig.  85),  interlocking  half  hitches.  The 
courses  of  the  single  actives  are  given  in  figs.  154,  155,  157,  158,  159. 

(8)  False  braiding,  chain  stitching,  etc.,  of  elements  so  far  as  not 
included  in  other  methods. 

(9)  Technics  not  truly  textile.  Half  textiles,  A (fig.  91),  strips 
bent  hood-shape;  B,  horizontal  seized  close  to  the  A^ertical,  horizontals 
pierce  the  vertical;  C,  strips  seAved  or  thatched  together,  as  in  hats, 
etc. ; D,  two  sinuous  elements  bound  together  at  their  contacts 
(fig.  G4). 

T hatchwork. — On  Nicobarese houses ; generally  of  “lallang  ” grass; 
sometimes  of  palm  leaf,  fastened  to  vertical  rafters  of  the  midribs  of 


® Abl\.  Aiitlirop.-Ktliiiog.  Museums,  Dresden,  XI,  1907. 


NO.  1631.  VOCABULARY  OF  MALAYBIAY  BASKETW0RK—MA80X.  45 


the  COCO  ])alm,  joined  crossways  by  battens  of  areca  wood,  of  which 
the  grated  floor  is  made.  (Kloss,  Andamans  and  Nicobars,  p.  49.) 

Throat  seizing. — Lashing  the  crossed  ends  of  basket  elements. 
Used  in  loops  for  suspension  and  in  carrying  parts. 

Tikars. — Sleeping  mats.  Malays  make  them  from  nipa  palm. 

Tingayl  Kinggale  ”). — A sort  of  bamboo,  West  Borneo,  for 

baskets.  Called  also  Tingelil^  Tinggayl. 

Tools. — The  words  “ joinerwork  ” and  “ tools  ” must  not  awaken 
pictures  of  the  great  chests  of  our  carpenters  and  cabinetmakers.  The 
utensils  employed  on  Malaysian  basketwork  are  of  very  primitive 
kinds.  The  ever  present  parang,  including  a woman’s  variety  (two 
top  specimens,  Plate  XV)  ; curved  knives  with  their  long,  slender 
handles ; awls  with  needle  points ; drills  quite  as  delicate ; prickers  for 
inserting  wefts ; an  old  file  or  two ; and  siliceous  leaves  for  sandpaper, 
are  all.®  The  chief  reliance  is  on  the  cunning  hands  and  trained  eyes 
of  the  basket-maker.  (See  Plates  IV,  XV.) 

On  Plate  XV  are  shown  basket-makers’  knives,  ‘‘  sinar  ” (Cat.  Xos. 
249038,  249043,  U.S.N.M.),  used  as  all-round  tools  in  making  baskets 
and  mats  by  the  Dyak  women  on  Sempang  River,  West  Borneo.  They 
all  belong  to  the  same  type,  curved  alike  in  blade  and  handle  from 
end  to  end,  the  cutting  parts  quite  similar,  handles  of  wood  or  antler. 
The  implement  fits  the  hand  perfectly  and  rests  on  the  arm,  enabling 
the  woman  to  guide  the  finest  motions  and  regulate  the  pressure.  At 
the  bottom  of  the  plate  the  bast  rolled  up  serves  as  a scabbard  for  the 
blade  when  not  in  use. 

Cat.  Xos.  249045  and  249046,  U.S.N.M.  (top  of  Plate  XV),  are 
woman’s  parangs,  “ parang  bodong,”  from  the  Dyaks  of  Sempang 
River,  West  Borneo.  Length  12  inches  and  14  inches  respectively.  It 
is  interesting  to  note  on  these  small  objects  the  razor-shape  blade  bent 
back  at  an  angle  with  the  long  tang,  the  hook  on  the  lower  side  where 
blade  and  tang  come  together  for  removing  thorns  from  leaves  and 
stems,  and  the  grip  of  wood,  perfectly  plain.  In  the  men’s  parangs 
the  grips  preserve  a semblance  of  ancient  symbolism;  there  is  none 
here — just  a simple  survival  of  useful  shapes. 

Tonng  dp. — Native  name  for  triangular  pyramid  in  checkered 
basketry. 

Trap. — A species  of  Artocarpns^  used  by  Dyaks  and  Sakais  in  mak- 
ing bark  cloth.  Other  species  are  also  used.  The  Dyaks  also  make 
cord  of  it  and  of  other  kinds  of  bark. 

Tvnlledwork. — Fabric  in  basketAVork  in  Avhich  the  textile  ])arts  of 
one  set  of  elements  pass  over  and  under  more  than  one  element  of  the 
other  set.  A great  variety  of  patterns  are  produced  in  the  Abbott 
baskets  by  different  materials,  surfaces,  thickness,  width,  color,  direc- 
tion, and  technic  in  the  parts.  (See  Plates  VI. 1 

° Marstlen,  p.  144,  says  that  the  Sumatrans  were  ignorant  of  the  use  of 
the  saw. 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 


VOL.  XXXV. 


46 

Tv'ine. — ‘‘  Calooee  ” is  a species  of  nettle,  of  which  excellent  tAA’ine 
is  made.  It  grows  to  the  height  of  about  4 feet,  without  branches, 
the  stem  being  imperfectly  ligneous.  It  is  cut  down  and  beaten,  after 
which  the  rind  is  stripped  oh  and  twisted  as  we  do  hemp.  Twine  is 
' also  made  of  the  bark  of  a shrub  called  “ Endeeloo.'^  A twine  is 
made  in  the  Lamphon  district  of  the  bark  of  the  ‘‘  bagoo  ” tree,  beaten 
out  like  hemp,  for  the  construction  of  large  fishing  nets.  On  the  island 
of  Nias  they  make  a twine  of  the  baroo  tree,  Avhich  tlww  after- 
wards weave  into  coarse  cloth  for  bags.  A kind  of  thread  for  sewing 
is  procured  by  stripping  filaments  from  the  midribs  of  the  leaves  and 
from  the  trunk  of  the  “ pesang  ” or  plantain.  (Marsden,  pp.  T5-T().) 

T Muiedworlo — A refined  and  varied  technic,  based  on  wattlino-,  in 
which  the  active  part  consists  of  two  or  more  strands  that  in  passing 
make  a part  of  a turn  about  one  or  more  passive  parts  leaving  one 
strand  inside.  The  method  of  doing  this  gives  rise' to  several  varie- 
ties— plain,  twilled,  wrapped,  latticed  (or  tee),  three-strand,  etc. 
The  process  is  used  very  extensively,  especially  in  openwork,  and  dif- 
fers from  the  American  in  not  ascending  by  a perfectly  uniform 
spiral.  (See  Plates  I,  VIII,  and  figs.  T,  34,  35.)  (See  Vdraf.) 

Ticist  or  twisfworh. — A number  of  filaments  in  a single  strand 
twisted  together.  The  rattan  is  a bundle  of  long  fibers  and  can  be 
readily  changed  from  its  hard,  glossy  appearance  into  a yarnlike 
texture,  as  in  the  turning  down  of  warp  ends. 

U prights. — The  vertical  elements  in  the  framework  of  a basket. 
p sett  {Upsetted^  ZJ  psetting) . — A modern  basket-maker’s  name  for 
changing  the  bottom  technic  of  a basket  to  the  body  technic.  May  be 
useful  in  describing  Malaysian  ware,  though  it  must  be  remembered 
that  a great  deal  of  work  on  the  latter  is  done  afterwards  about  the 
foot. 

Uses. — Armor,  in  fabric  and  ornament ; bags  of  every  sort ; baskets ; 
beaters  for  rice  harvest;  bird  baskets,  cages,  and  traps;  canoe  parts 
and  furnishings;  carrying  devices  of  infinite  variety  in  size,  parts, 
functions,  and  qualities;  chairs;  clothing  in  every  part,  both  useful 
and  ornamental  (belts,  bindings,  caps,  fans,  fringes,  hats  and  other 
head  coverings,  pockets,  sandals,  shirts,  shoes,  stockings);  coffins; 
cooking  utensils,  covers,  cradles,  crates,  drinking  vessels;  drums; 
eating  utensils;  fences  of  many  kinds;  fishing  gear;  flask  covers, 
holders,  and  servers;  floors;  furniture;  grain  vessels  and  utensils; 
handles;  hangings;  harvesting  ware;  houses  and  their  parts,  for 
use  and  decoration;  knotwork  for  endless  uses;  lacing  and  lace- 
work;  lashings;  lines;  masks;  matting  and  mats;  milling;  nets  for 
land  and  water  capture  and  network  in  general;  nooses;  ornaments 
for  the  body  and  for  every  useful  thing ; palisades ; panels  in  uphol- 
stery; playthings;  quivers;  receptacles  besides  baskets;  reels;  sacks; 
scabbards;  seats;  sennit;  sieves;  slings;  string  in  general;  tableware; 


NO.  1631.  VOCABULARY  OF  MALAYSIA^  BASKET^¥0RK—MA80Y.  47 

thatch;  thongs;  tiles;  tools,  with  cases;  toys;  traps  (air,  land,  and 
water)  ; wallets;  walls;  water-crafts;  weapons  (lacings  and  lash- 
ings) ; weirs;  whips;  winnowing  apparatus. 

Vertical. — Applied  to  elements  in  an  upright  position. 

Vessels. — Of  giant  bamboo  joints.  Andamanese.  (Kloss,  Anda- 
mans and  Nicobars,  p.  33.)  Mentioned  here  because  they  have  basket 
functions,  associate  with  them,  and  basketry  technic  abounds  on  them. 
^ Warj). — The  elements  on  which  woven  baskets  are  built  up.  In 
Malaysian  ware  the  bottom  splits  become  warps  of  the  body.  Warps 
may  be  parallel,  spreading,  decussated,  latticed,  radiated,  zigzag. 

Water  bottles. — Cocoanut  shells  joined  in  pairs  by  a short  rattan 
handle,  used  by  the  Nicobarese  to  hold  drinking  water.  (Kloss,  Anda- 
mans and  Nicobars,  p.  49.)  Water  is  carried  from  the  spring  in  bam- 
boos, cut  5 to  6 feet  in  length,  and  home  over  the  shoulder,  or  in  a 
number  of  single  joints  that  are  put  together  in  a basket.  It  is  drunk 


Fig.  40. — Wrapped  twinedwork. 


out  of  a fruit  called  “ laboo,'’  resembling  the  calabash,  a hole  being 
made  in  the  side  of  the  neck,  and  another  at  the  top,  for  vent.  In 
drinking,  they  hold  the  vessel  at  a distance  above  their  mouths  and 
catch  the  stream  as  it  descends.  (Marsden,  Sumatra,  p.  55.) 

Wattling. — Ck>arse  fence  or  fish  weir  in  wicker  or  twined  work. 
Used  in  many  ways  both  for  traps  and  accessories. 

Weaving. — A term  that  should  be  saved  for  loomwork  and  used 
hen^  only  for  basketwork  in  which  the  passive  and  active  elements 
form  distinct  warp  and  weft.  The  active,  or  weft  element,  has 
many  varieties  both  in  form  and  in  process.  Even  fabrics,  like  flat 
sennit,  may  be  woven  into  baskets.  In  passing  warps,  the  weft  may 
be  checker,  wicker,  twill,  wra])ping,  half  hitched,  knot,  belaying, 
figure-of-8,  etc. 

Weft. — ddie  active  parts  of  basketwork  founded  on  warps  or 
“ stakes.” 


48 


PROCEEDIXas  OE  THE  XATIOXAL  MEl^EUM 


VOL.  XXXV. 


^Vliipped,  v'hipphic/. — Joined  with  an  overcast  nioveinent,  as  in 
coiled  basketry. 

Wick-er. — Basketwork  in  which  the  passive  parts  are  rio-id  and  the 
active  are  flexible,  passing-  in  and  ont  among  the  former.  (See  Plates 

I,  XVI.) 

idemnq . — A great  deal  of  ^lalaysian  basketry  is  Avider  at  the  to]). 
In  o])enwork  this  is  accoinplished  by  simply  increasing  the  distances 
between  the  warps  in  ascending.  Another  Avay  is  to  insert  new 

Avarps  above  the  corners  of 
the  footing. 

Wind  {w(yand). — To  pass 
spirally  around  a fixed  core 
or  axis.  A useful  Avord  for 
the  A^ery  common  technic  of 
])assing  a thin  split  spirally 
about  a stem  or  a number  of 
splits,  to  make  them  one.  In 
American  basketry  a bunch 
of  splits  are  Avound  and  at 
the  same  time  caught  to  the 
coil  beloAv  ; but  the  Malays  do 
more  of  this  Avinding,  because 
they  liaAU  much  longer  and 
more  uniform  material. 

Woodwork. — (See  Joiner- 
work.) 

IT  o r k. — The  termination 
work  ” may  be  applied  in 
describing  basketry,  to  the 
materials,  the  processes,  or 
the  products  of  the  industry. 
There  may  be  spatheAvork, 
barlvAvork,  bastwork,  Avood- 
Avork,  leafwork,  stemwork, 
and  rootAvork,  either  in  the 
rough  or  prepared.  There 
Avill  be  knotAvork,  braidAvork,  checkerAvork,  tAvillAvork,  tAvinework, 
coihvork,  AvrapAvork,  and  combinations  of  these.  Each  of  these 
processes  may  also  be  employed  elsewhere,  giving  rise  to  roofAvork, 
AvallAvork,  floor Avork,  inatAVork,  hoopAvork,  and  joiner Avork.  The 
plant  world  Avill  for  a long  time  be  in  the  way  throughout  Malaysia, 
offering  superabundance  of  material  to  the  textile  art. 

Wrap. — To  pass  around,  as  Avhere  a flexible  element  is  passed 
about  one  or  more  rigid  ones.  There  is  a wrapped  technic,  found  in 
Southern  California,  in  the  mounds  of  the  Mississippi  Valley,  and 


Fig.  41. — Single-wkapped  avept. 


NO.  1631.  VOCABULARY  OF  MALAY AN  BABKETWORK—MABON.  49 


among  the  Andamanese,  in  which  a weft  makes  one  turn  about  each 
Avarp  in  passing;  another  form  in  Oregon  and  the  Andamans,  in 
which  one  strand  of  a twine  goes  straight  and  the  other  wraps  about 
it.  Wrapped  lattice  is  another  name  for  it.  (See  Plate  XVII  and 
figs.  40,  41.) 

There  are  specimens  of  this  single-wrapped  weft  in  the  Abbott 
collecticns.  Fig.  41  and  Plate  XVII  show  the  general  appearance  of 
the  wrapped  weft  on  whole  rattan  stems. united  with  alternate  finer 
vertical  warps  on  which  the  wrappings  are  also  upright  and  sug- 
gest the  American  Makah,  or  bird-cage  technic.  The  half  hitch- 
ing and  the  overhand  wrapping  with  the  cutaway  warps  at  the  rim 
must  not  be  overlooked.  The  ten  Avarp  stems  are  bent  V-shape  and 
cross  on  the  bottoms. 

Cat.  No.  221538,  U.S.N.M.,  shoAvn  in  fig.  40,  is  a genuine  surprise, 
an  example  of  Avrapped  tAvinedwork  from  Simalur  Island.  The 
three  elements  are  present,  as  in  the  Makah  Avork  of  the  Vancouver 
Island  baskets,  only  the  Avrapping  is  done  Avith  stiffer  material.  (See 
Aboriginal  American  Basketry,  pp.  235,  236.) 

Yarn. — Fibers  loosely  tAvisted  together  in  2-strand  twine. 

Zigzag. — A broken  line  of  equal  angular  portions,  applied  to  struc- 
ture or  decoration.  Dr.  Edgar  A.  Mearns  gave  a carrying  basket 
from  Mindanao  having  an  open  checker  bottom.  About  the  outer 
roAv  of  checkers,  in  order  to  hold  the  parts  firm  for  the  upsett,  is  a 
zigzag  wrap  in  rattan,  a turn  and  a half  about  each  square.  The 
lacing  doubles  alternately  on  the  back  and  on  the  front. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

The  bibliography  for  this  region  of  wonderfully  mixed  cultures  is  extremely 
rich  in  English,  Dutch,  French,  German,  and  Italian  publications.  The  litera- 
ture will  be  found  both  in  journals  and  in  standard  works.  The  principal  Eng- 
lish journals  are  the  following: 

American  Anthropologist.  Washington,  1888-1898,  new  ser.,  18994-.  In  each 
number  of  the  present  series  is  a summary  of  anthropological  literature. 
Astatic  Researches.  Vols.  I-XX.  Calcutta,  1788-1839,  4to. 

Geographical  Magazine.  London,  1874-1878,  4to. 

Inman  Antiquary.  Bombay,  1872+. 

Journal  of  the  Anthropological  Institute  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland. 
London,  1843-1908. 

Journal  of  the  Asiatic  Society  of  Bengal.  Calcutta,  lS32-f-.  Indian  Archi- 
pelago and  Eastern  Asia. 

Journal  of  the  Royal  Asiatic  Soiuety  of  Great  P>ritain  and  Ireland. 
liondon,  8vo.,  1834 + . 

Journal  of  the  Straits  Branch  of  the  Royal  Asiatic  Soc’iety.  Singapore, 
1878 4-. 

A few  of  the  standard  works  are  mentioned,  chielly  on  account  of  their  com- 
prehensive information  and  their  illustrations.  In  some  of  them  will  be  found 
good  bibliographies. 

I*roc,  N.  M.  vol.  XXXV — 08 4 


50 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 


VOL.  XXXV. 


Annandale,  Nelson,  and  Robinson.  H.  C.  Fasciculi  Malayensies.  (Anthropo- 
logical and  Zoological  Results  of  an  Expedition  to  Perak  and  the  Siamese 
Malay  States.)  London,  1903,  Anthropolgy,  Pt.  1. 

Ball,  V.  On  Nicobarese  Ideographs.  Journal  of  the  Anthropological  Institute, 
X,  London,  1880,  p.  103,  with  bibliography. 

Beccari,  Odoakdo.  Nelle  Foreste  di  Borneo.  Firenze,  1902,  668  pp.,  8vo.  The 
appendixes  give  excellent  account  of  plants,  native  names,  scientific  names, 
and  uses. 

Bock,  Carl.  The  Head-hunters  of  Borneo,  London,  1882,  344  pp,,  30  pis., 
map. 

Bkeitenstein,  II.  Einnndzwanzig  Jahre  in  Indien.  Part  1.  Borneo.  Leipzig, 
1899,  264  pp.,  8 figs.  Part  2 is  Java,  Part  3 is  Sumatra. 

Brigham,  William  T.  Mat  and  Basket  Weaving  of  the  Ancient  Hawaiians. 
With  an  account  of  Nets  and  Nettings.  Memoirs  of  the  Bernice  Pauahi 
Bishop  Museum.  Honolulu,  II,  1906,  No.  1,  pp.  105-162,  166  figs.,  14  pis. 

Emmons,  G.  T.  The  Basketry  of  the  Tlinkit.  Memoirs  of  the  American  Mu- 
seum of  Natural  History.  New  York,  1903,  III,  Pt.  2,  p.  229,  14  pis.,  73  figs. 
Especially  good  for  comparison  of  borders. 

Flower,  William  H.  Papers  on  the  Andaman  Skulls.  Journal  of  the  An- 
thropological Institute,  IX,  1879,  p.  108,  and  1884,  p.  115;  Journal  of  the 
Royal  Institute,  London,  Appendix,  1888. 

Furness,  William  Henry.  The  Home-life  of  Borneo  Head-Hunters,  Its  Festi- 
vals and  Folk-Lore.  Philadelphia,  1902,  196  pp.,  88  pis. 

. Glimpses  of  Borneo.  Proceedings  of  the  American  Philosophical  So- 
ciety, Philadelphia,  XXXV,  1897,  p.  309. 

Haddon,  a.  C.  Evolution  in  Art  as  illustrated  by  the  Life. — Histories  of  Designs, 
London,  1895. 

FIaeckel,  Ernst.  India  and  Ceylon.  New  York,  1883,  174  pp. 

Hose,  Charles.  A Journey  up  the  Baram  River,  etc.,  Borneo.  Geographical 
Journal,  London  I,  1893,  p.  193.  In  the  Heart  of  Borneo,  idem.,  1900,  XVI, 
p.  39. 

Hugel,  a.  V.  The  Land  of  Bataks.  Geographical  Journal,  London,  1896.  Index. 

Jayne,  Caroline  Furness.  String  Figures.  A Study  of  Cats-cradle  in  many 
lands.  New  York,  1906,  408  pp.,  17  pis.,  867  figs.,  10  pis.  from  W.  E.  Roth, 
Bibliography. 

Kloss,  C.  Boden.  In  the  Andamans  and  Nicobars.  The  narrative  of  a cruise 
in  the  schooner  “ Terrapin,”  with  notices  of  the  islands,  their  fauna,  eth- 
nology, etc.  London,  1903.  Map,  plates,  text,  figures.  Illustrations  and 
text  on  aborigines,  houses,  basketry,  and  woman’s  work.  The  “ Terrapin  ” 
is  Doctor  Abbott’s  vessel,  and  the  book  is  the  result  of  an  expedition  to  make 
a good  representative  collection  for  the  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

. Lapicques  Forschungsreise  auf  den  Andamanen.  Globus,  Braunsch- 
weig, LXIX,  1896,  p.  167. 

Lehmann,  J.  Systematik  und  geographische  Verbreitung  der  Geflectsarten. 
Abhandlungen  d.  Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen.  Museums  zu  Dres- 
den, XI,  No.  3,  1907,  3 pis.,  166  figs,  on  baskets,  29  figs,  on  knots. 

Man,  E.  H.  Descriptive  Catalogue  of  Nicobar  objects.  Indian  Antiquary. 
February,  April,  May,  June,  1895.  The  Aboriginal  Inhabitants  of  the  Anda- 
man Islands,  Journal  Anthrop.  Inst.,  London,  Vols.  VII,  XI,  XII.  Index. 

Marsden,  William.  The  History  of  Sumatra,  containing  an  account  of  the 
Government,  Laws,  Customs,  and  Manners  of  the  Native  Inhabitants,  etc. 
2d  ed.  London,  1784,  pp.  374,  xii,  map. 

Martin,  Rudolf.  Die  Inlandstiimme  der  Malayischen  Halbinsel.  Jena,  1905, 
1052  pp.,  8vo,  137  figs.,  26  pis.,  1 chart.  Excellent  bibliography,  pp.  1042- 
1052, 


xo.  1631.  VOCABULARY  OF  MALAYSIAY  BASKmAVORK—MA80^\  51 


Martin,  Rudolf.  Die  Ureinwohner  cler  Malayischen  Halbinsel.  Correspblatt 
d.  deiitscb.  Antbrop.  Gesel.,  Municli,  1899,  No.  10,  p.  125. 

Mason,  Otis  T.  Aboriginal  American  Basketry.  Report  of  the  United  States 
National  Museum,  1902  (1904),  with  Bibliography  and  Glossary. 

Merrill,  Elmer  D.  A Dictionary  of  Plant  Names  of  the  Philippine  Islands. 
Bureau  of  Government  Laboratories,  no.  8,  1903. 

Modigliani,  Elio.  Fra  i Batacchi  independente,  Bulletino  della  Societa  Geo- 
grafica  Italiana,  Rome,  February,  1892.  190  pp.,  23  pis.,  35  figs.,  map. 

. L’Isola  delle  Donne.  Viaggio  ad  Engano,  Milano,  1894,  312  pp.,  25 

pis.,  50  figs.,  map.  Good  bibliography. 

. JMateriale  per  lo  Studio  dell’Isola  Sipora  (Mentawei)  pp.  1-46.  Rome, 

1898.  1 pi.,  13  figs. 

Okey,  Thomas.  Basket-making.  Journal  of  the  Society  of  Arts,  London,  Janu- 
ary 11,  1907,  pp.  186-197,  fig.  1. 

Pleyte,  C.  M.  Die  Mentawei  Tnseln  und  ihre  Bewohner.  Globus,  Braunsch- 
weig, LXXIX,  1901,  pp.  1,  24. 

Raap,  H.  Reisen  auf  der  Insel  Nias  bei  Sumatra.  Globus,  Braunschweig 
LXXXIII,  1903,  pp.  149-171. 

Rosenberg,  H.  von.  Der  Malayische  Archipel.  Leipzig,  1878. 

Roth,  H.  Ling.  The  Natives  of  Sarawak  and  British  North  Borneo.  New 
York,  1896,  2 vols.,  550  illustrations.  Bibliography. 

Skeat,  W.  W.  Malay  Magic.  London,  1900. 

, and  C.  O.  Blagden.  Pagan  Races  of  the  Malay  Peninsula.  London, 

1906,  2 vols.,  8vo.  Many  plates.  Bibliography  up  to  date  renders  a long 
list,  here  unnecessary. 

Smith,  Hugh  M.  The  Fyke  Nets  and  Fyke  Net  Fisheries  of  the  United  States. 
Bulletin  of  the  U.  S.  Fish  Commission,  Washington,  1892,  pp.  299-355,  pis. 
72-91. 

Temple,  Col.  R.  Blue  Book  on  the  Andamans ; also  with  V.  Solomon.  Diaries 
from  Car  Nicobar.  Journal  of  the  Anthropological  Institute,  Loudon, 
XXXII,  p.  202. 

Wallace,  A.  R.  The  Malay  Archipelago.  The  land  of  the  orang  utan  and  the 
bird  of  paradise.  New  York,  1869,  638  pp.,  51  ill.,  9 maps,  vocabularies. 


U.  S.  NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


PROCEEDINGS,  VOL.  XXXV  PL.  1 


i 


Types  of  Malaysian  Basketwork. 


U.  S.  NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


PROCEEDINGS,  VOL.  XXXV  PL.  II 


Burden  Basket  from  Siaba  Bay. 


For  explanation  of  plate  see  page  7. 


U.  S.  NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


PROCEEDINGS,  VOL.  XXXV  PL.  Ill 


Six-Sided  Burden  Basket,  Pagi  Islands. 

For  explanation  of  plate  see  page  15. 


U.  S.  NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


PROCEEDINGS,  VOL.  XXXV  PL. 


Drills  and  Prickers  for  Basket-making. 

For  explanation  of  plate  see  page  18. 


U.  S.  NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


PROCEEDINGS,  VOL.  XXXV 


PL.  V 


Twilled  Basket  from  West  Borneo. 

For  explanation  of  plate  see  page  18. 


U.  S.  NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


PROCEEDINGS,  VOL.  XXXV  PL.  VI 


Covered  Burden  Basket. 


j 

i 

I 

I 


For  explanation  of  plate  see  page  20. 


U.  S.  NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


PROCEEDINGS,  VOL.  XXXV  PL.  VI! 


Burden  Crate  in  Hexagonal  Work. 

FOU  EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  SEE  PAGE  22. 


U.  S.  NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


PROCEEDINGS,  VOL.  XXXV  PL.  VIII 


Burden  Basket,  Showing  Hoopwork. 

For  explanation  of  plate  see  page  23. 


U.  S.  NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


PROCEEDINGS,  VOL.  XXXV  PL.  IX 


Coarse  Leafwork  Basket. 

For  explanation  of  plate  see  page  30. 


U.  S.  NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


PROCEEDINGS,  VOL.  XXXV  PL.  X 


Coarse  Spathework  Baskets. 

For  explanation  of  plate  see  page  30, 


U.  S.  NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


PROCEEDINGS,  VOL.  XXXV  PL.  XI 


Primitive  Basket  Forms. 


For  explanation  of  plate  see  page  30. 


u.  s.  national  museum 


PROCEEDINGS,  VOL.  XXXV 


PL 


Basket  Showing  Mad  Weave. 

For  explanation  of  plate  see  page  31. 


U,  S.  NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


proceedings,  VOL.  XXXV  PL.  XIII 


Carrying  Frame  in  Single  Element. 

For  explanation  of  plate  see  page  38. 


U.  S.  NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


PROCEEDINGS,  VOL.  XXXV  PL.  XIV 


Basket  of  Spathework,  with  Cycloid  Cover. 

For  explanation  of  plate  see  page  38. 


NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


proceedings,  VOL.  XXXV  PL.  XV 


Malaysian  Basketry  Tools. 


PLATE  SEE  PAGE  45. 


For  explanation  of 


U.  S.  NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


PROCEEDINGS,  VOL.  XXXV  PL.  XVI 


Basket  Showing  Wickerwork. 

For  explanation  of  plate  see  page  48. 


U.  S.  NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


PROCEEDINGS,  VOL.  XXXV  PL.  XVI 


Burden  Basket  in  Single-wrapped  Weft. 

For  explanation  of  plate  see  page  49. 


SM ITH  SON  IAN  I NSTIT  UTK  )N 


UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


PROCEEDINGS 


OF  THE 


UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


VOLUME  XXXV 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 
19  09 


) 


ADVERTISEMENT. 


The  scientific  publications  of  the  National  Museum  consists  of  two 
series — Proceedings  and  Bulletins. 

The  Proceedings,  the  first  volume  of  which  was  issued  in  1878,  are 
intended  primarily  as  a medium  for  the  publication  of  original  papers 
based  on  the  collections  of  the  National  Museum,  setting  forth  newly 
acquired  facts  in  biology,  anthropology^  and  geology  derived  there- 
from, or  containing  descriptions  of  new  forms  and  revisions  of  limited 
groups.  A volume  is  issued  annually  or  oftener  for  distribution  to 
libraries  and  scientific  establishments,  and,  in  view  of  the  importance 
of  the  more  prompt  dissemination  of  new  facts,  a limited  edition  of 
each  paper  is  printed  in  pamphlet  form  in  advance.  The  dates  at 
which  these  separate  papers  are  published  are  recorded  in  the  table 
of  contents  of  the  volume. 

The  present  volume  is  the  thirty-fifth  of  this  series. 

The  Bulletin,  publication  of  which  was  begun  in  1875,  is  a series  of 
more  elaborate  papers,  issued  separately,  and,  like  the  Proceedings, 
based  chiefly  on  the  collections  of  the  National  Museum. 

A quarto  form  of  the  Bulletin,  known  as  the  '^Special  Bulletin,”  has 
been  adopted  in  a few  instances  in  which  a larger  page  was  deemed 
indispensable. 

Since  1902  the  volumes  of  the  series  known  as  ^^Contributions  from 
the  National  Herbarium,”  and  containing  papers  relating  to  the 
botanical  collections  of  the  Museum,  have  been  published  as  Bulletins. 

Richard  Ratiibun, 

Assistant  Secretary,  Smithsonian  Institution, 

In  charge  of  the  United  States  National  Museum  . 

EmiRUARY  20,  1909. 


Ill 


TABLE  OF  COISTTEATS. 


Bassler,  Bay  S.  The  Formation  of  Geodes  with  Remarks 
on  the  Silicification  of  Fossils. — No.  1637.  November  7, 
1908“ 

. See  under  Ulrich,  E.  O 

Busck,  August.  A Generic  Revision  of  American  Moths 
of  the  Family  CEcophoridse,  with  Descriptions  of  New 
Species. — ^No.  1644.  October  31,  1908® 

New  genera:  Gerdana,  Durrantia,  Inga,  Decantha,  Fabiola. 

New  species:  Gerdana  caritella,  Cryptolechia  canariella,  C.  huachu- 
cella,  C.  ciliella,  Agonopteryx  plummerella. 

Clark,  Austin  Hobart.  The  Axial  Canals  of  the  P.ecent 
Pentacrinitidse. — No.  1634.  October  30,  1908® 

. The  Homologies  of  the  Arm  Joints  and  Arm  Divi- 
sions in  the  Recent  Crinoids  of  the  Families  of  the  Coma- 
tulida  and  the  Pentacrinitidse. — No.  1636.  October  30, 
1908® --  

New  genera:  Ilypalocrinus,  Endoxocrinus . 

Dall,  William  Healey.  Descriptions  and  Figures  of  some 
Land  and  Fresh- water  Shells  from  Mexico,  believed  to  be 
New. — No.  1642.  November  10,  1908® 

New  section:  Crossostephanus . 

New  species:  Coelocentrum  {Crossostephanus)  palmeri,  Streptostyla 
hartschii,  S.  toyuca,  S . jilitlana,  Euglandina  livida,  Lampsilis  {Prop- 
ter a)  salinasensis. 

Dyar,  Harrison  G,,  and  Frederick  Knab.  Descri])tions 
of  some  New  Mosquitoes  from  Tropical  America. — No. 
1632.  October  30,  1908® 

New  species:  Aides  epactius,  A.  cuneatus,  A.  argentescens,  .1.  haru- 
spicus,  A.  horridus,  A.  aldrichi,  Culex  chrysonotum,  C.  daumasto- 
campa,  (\  pinarocampa,  C.  consternator,  C.  stenolepis,  C.  aikenii, 
C.  eumimeles,  Sahethcs  tarsopus,  S.  sehausi,  Lesticocampa  schedo- 
cyclia,  Proso  pole  pis  jocosa,  Phoriiornyia  sitnmsi,  Wyeomyia  aba- 
scanta,  W.  gynxcopus,  \V.  ablechra,  W.  ablabes,  W.  abebela,  IT.  abia, 
W.  andropus,  W.  clasoleaca,  W.  dymodora,  W.  baria,  W.  viegalo- 
dora,  W.  matxa,  W.  argyrura. 

New  name:  Anopheles  cruzii. 

Gill,  Theodore.  Chmrodon  in  ])lace  of  Chau-oj)s  for  a La- 
broid  Genus  of  Fishes. — No.  1638.  Octol)er  31 , 1908  ®.  _ 


Page. 

133-154 

277-340 

187-207 

87-91 

113-131 

177-182 

53-70 

155-156 


“ Date  of  j)iil)licatioM. 


VI 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


Hahn,  Walter  L.  Xotes  on  the  Mammals  ami  Cold- 
blooded Vertebrates  of  the  Indiana  Universit}"  Farm, 
Mitchell,  Indiana. — Xo.  1655.  December  7,  1908“ 

Hay,  Oliver  P,  Descriptions  of  Five  Sj)ecies  of  Xortb 
American  Fossil  Turtles,  Four  of  which  are  Xew. — Xo. 
1640.  Xovember  9,  1908  “ 

New  species:  IJoplochelys  cselata,  Echmatemys  rivalis,  Terra pene 
longinsulse,  Aspideretes  granifer. 

— . On  certain  Genera  and  Species  of  Carnivorous 

Dinosaurs,  with  special  Reference  to  Ceratosaurus  nasi- 
cornis  Marsh. — Xo.  1648.  October  31,  1908“ 

FIolmes,  Samuel  J.  The  Amphipoda  collected  by  the 
U.  S.  Bureau  of  Fisheries  Steamer  Albatross  off  the 
West  Coast  of  Xorth  America  in  1903  and  1904,  with 
Descriptions  of  a Xew  Family  and  several  Xew  Genera 
and  Species. — Xo.  1654.  XToveml)er  20,  1908“ 

Xew  family:  Stilipedidx. 

New  genera:  Valettiopsis,  Lalcota,  Koroga,  Ariiga,  Gracilipes,  Acan- 
thopleustes,  Stilipes. 

New  species:  Vihilia  californica,  Orchomenella  affinis,  Valettiopsis 
dentatus,  Tryphosa  caeca,  Lalcota  carinata,  Scopelocheirus  coccus, 
Koroga  megalops,  Aruga  oculata,  Ampelisca  cristata,  A.  plumosa, 
A.  pacifica,  A.  californica,  A.  cceca,  A.  lohata,  Paraphoxus  robustus, 
Harpinia  oculata,  II.  affinis,  Metopa  pacifica,  Gracilipes  natator, 
G.  distincta,  Neopleustes  oculatus,  Acanthopleustes  annectens, 
Stilipes  distincta,  Mxra  spinicauda,  Eurystheus  dentatus. 

FIrdlicka,  Ales.  Xew  Examples  of  American  Indian 
Skulls  with  Low  Forehead. — Xo.  1641.  Xovember  9, 
1908“ 

Kearfott,  William  Dunham.  Descriptions  of  Xew  Spe- 
cies of  Xorth  American  Crambid  Moths. — Xo.  1649.  Oc- 
tober 31,  1908  “ i 

New  species:  Surattha  (?)  santella,  S.  indentella,  Mesolia  oraculella, 
M.  huachucaella,  Prionapteryx  serpentella,  Eugrotea  (?)  yavapai, 
Cramhus  cocJdeellus,  C.  youngellus,  C.  polingi,  C.  interrnedius, 
C.  dorsipunctellus,  C.  nevadellus,  C.  simpliciellus,  Thaumatopsis 
coloradella,  T.  gibsonella,  T.  atomosella,  T.  crenulatella,  Diatrxa 
parallela,  Chilo  multipunctellus,  C.  puritellus. 

Knab,  Frederick.  See  under  Dyar,  Harrison  G 

Knowlton,  Frank  Hall.  Description  of  Xew  Fossil  Liver- 
wort from  the  Fort  Union  Beds  of  Montana. — Xo.  1639. 
November  9,  1908“ 

New  species:  Marchantia  pealei. 


Page. 

545-581 

161-169 

35U366 

489-543 


171-175 

367-393 

53-70 

157-159 


« Date  of  publication. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


VII 


Page. 


Mason,  Otis  T.  Vocabulary  of  Malaysian  Basketwork: 
a Study  in  the  W.  L.  Abbott  Collections. — No.  1631. 

November  7,  1908  ® 1-51 

Nutting,  Charles  C.  Alcyonaria  of  the  Californian  Coast. — 

No.  1658.  February  20,  1909® 681-727 


New  species:  Telesto  ambigua,  Anthomastus  ritteri,  Ilalisceptrum 
cystiferum,  Acanthoptilum  album,  A.  annulatum,  Balticina  pacifica, 
Halipteris  contorta,  Stachyptilum  quadridentatum,  Umbellula  loma, 
Eumuricea  pusilla,  Psammogorgia  simplex,  P.  torreyi,  P.  spaul- 
dingi,  Stenogorgia  hofoidi. 

Oberholser,  Harry  C.  A Revision  of  the  Kingfisher 
Genus  Ramphalcyon  (Pelargopsis). — No.  1657.  Febru- 


ary 9,  1909® 657-680 

New  subspecies:  Ramphalcyon  capensis  isoptera,  R.  c.  nesoeca,  R.  c. 
cyanopteryx,  R.  c.  hydrophila. 

Rathbun,  Mary  J.  Descriptions  of  Fossil  Crabs  from 

California. — No.  1647.  November  14,  1908  ® 341-349 

New  genera:  Branchiolambrus,  Archseopus. 


New  species:  Cancer  fissus,  Branchiolambrus  altus,  Archseopus 
antennatus. 

Rehn,  James  A.  G.  Two  New  Species  of  Neotropical  Or- 
thoptera  of  the  Family  Acrididse. — No.  1650.  October 

30,  1908® 395-398 

New  species:  Inusia  antillarum,  Proctolabus  bullatus. 

Richardson,  Harriet.  Some  New  Isopoda  of  the  Super- 
family Aselloidea  from  the  Atlantic  Coast  of  North 

America. — No.  1633.  October  30,  1908® 71-86 

New  genera:  Rhacura,  Ilaploniscus . 

New  species:  lolella  glabra,  Rhacura  pulchra,  Haploniscus  excisus, 

II.  retrospinis,  Janirella  lobata,  Munna  truncata,  Ileteromesus 
granulatus,  H.  spinescens,  Eurycope  magnispinis. 

New  name:  Ischnomesus. 

. Some  New  Isopods  of  the  Family  Gnathiidae  from 

the  Atlantic  Coast  of  North  America. — No.  1653.  No- 
vember 20,  1908® 483-488 

New  species:  Bathygriathia  curvirostris,  Gnathia  multispmis,  G. 


serrata. 

Richmond,  Charles  W.  Generic  Names  a})})lied  to  Birds 
during  the  Years  1901  to  1905,  inclusive,  with  further 
Additions  to  Waterhouse’s  ^Hndex  Generum  Avium.” — 

No.  1656.  December  16,  1908® 5S3-655 

Sharpe,  Richard  W.  A further  Rejmrt  on  the  Ostracoda 
of  the  United  States  National  Museum. — No.  1651.  No- 
vember 19,  1 908  ® 399-430 


New  species:  Spirocyprls  taberculata,  I lyodronnis  pcctinalus,  Cythere 
americana,  C.  papillosa. 


Date  of  publication. 


VIII 


TABLE  OF  CONTEXTS. 


Smith,  John  B.  A Ke vision  of  some  Species  of  Noctuidie 
heretofore  referred  to  the  Genus  Iloinoptera  Boisdnval. — 
No.  1645.  November  10,  1908  “ 

New  species:  Phxocyma  insuda,  P.  7iorda,  P.  metata,  P.  cwema,  P. 
helata,  P.  largera,  P.  bethunei,  P.  Colorado,  P.  rubiata,  P.  yavapai. 

Snyder,  John  Otterbein.  Descriptions  of  Eighteen  New 
Species  and  Two  New  Genera  of  Fishes  from  Japan  and 
the  Bill  Kin  Islands. — No.  1635.  October  30,  1908  

New  genera:  Dory  plena,  Xenisthmus. 

New  species:  Leptocephalus  flavirostris,  Gymnothorax  odiosus,  G. 

chlamydatus,  Lepidaplois  loxozonus,  L.  mirabilis,  Choerops  jordani, 
Callyodon  lunula,  Iletereleotris  arenarius,  Gnatholepis  sindonis,  Am- 
blygobius  naraharae.  Dory  plena  okinawae,  D.  lanegasimx,  Xenislh- 
mus  proriger,  Allicus  margarilarius,  A.  novemmaculosus,  Salarias 
muscarus,  S.  sinuosus,  Enchelyurus  hepburni. 

. Notes  on  Two  Rare  California  Fishes,  Bimicola 

eigenmanni  and  Plagiogrammiis  hopkinsi. — No.  1643. 
October  31,  1908  “ 

Ulrich,  Edward  O.,  and  Bay"  S.  Bassler.  New  American 
Paleozoic  Ostracoda.  Preliminary  Revision  of  the  Beyri- 
chiidse,  with  Descriptions  of  New  Genera. — No.  1646.  No- 
vember 10,  1908  ® 

New  genera:  Scojieldia,  Trej)osella,  Hollina,  Klcedenella,  Kirkbyina, 
Jonesina. 

New  subgenus:  Sleusloffia. 

New  species:  Beijrichia  moodeyi,  B.  waldronensis,  Kloedenia  cenlri- 
cornis,  K.  fnnbriala,  K.  marginalis,  K.  prxnuntia,  K.  punclillosa, 

K.  r eli/era. 

New  name:  Beyrichia  granulifera. 

Wilson,  Charles  Branch.  North  American  Parasitic 
Copepods:  a List  of  those  found  upon  the  Fishes  of  the 
Pacific  Coast,  with  Descriptions  of  New  Genera  and  Spe- 
cies.— No.  1652.  December  10,  1908  

New  genera:  Arlacolax,  Pseudochondracanlhus,  Achtheinus,  Opimia, 
Phrixocephalus . 

New  species:  Chondracanlhus  epacthes,  Pseudochondracanlhus  dice- 

raus,  Lepeophlherius  parvus,  L.  conslriclus,  L.  insignis,  Achtheinus 
oblongus,  Eudaclylina  uncinala,  Halschekia  pinguis,  Lernxenicus 
medusxus,  Opimia  exilis,  Phrixocephalus  cincinnalus,  Brachiella 
gracilis,  B.  anserina,  Lernxopoda  gibber,  L.  beani,  L.  bicauliculala, 

L.  falculala. 

New  genus  name:  Arlacolax  (Bomolochus)  ardeolx. 


Pas:?. 

209-275 
93-1 1 1 


183-186 

277-340 


431-481 


Date  of  publication. 


LIST  OF  ILLIISTEATIOFTS. 


TEXT  FIGURES. 


Pa^e 


Close,  oblique  checkerwork  with  inwoven  border,  showing  finished  basket  and 


detail  of  border 8 

Figure-of-8  borderwork 9 

Looped  and  braided  borderwork 9 

Borderwork  concealing  rough  ends  with  hoops  and  knotwork 10 

Ends  of  warps  turned  down  for  borderwork 10 

Rattan  stems  braided  in  pairs  over  bent-down  warps 11 

Lattice  bottom,  with  twined  upsett  in  boustroph 12 

Bottom  of  globular  wicker  basket 13 

Braidwork  in  carrying  zone  of  burden  basket 14 

Braid  work  loops  for  carrying  band 14 

Four-strand  braid  in  carrying  zone 14 

Braids  in  two  colors  in  carrying  zone.  . . 15 

Carrying  zone  strengthened  by  hoop  work - 15 

Upright  and  oblique  checkerwork ' 16 

Coiled  basket,  single-rod  foundation,  spiral  bottom 17 

Curled  work  in  pandanus  leaf • 18 


Methods  of  forming  handles 

Plain  hexagonal  technic  and  border. 
Hexagonal  elements  in  pairs 


Hexagonal  technic  with  wdde  horizontals - 23 

Overhand  knot  in  single  strand 25 

Ornamental  knotw’ork  on  shields 25 

Single  knots  in  Malaysian  basketwork 20 

Round  turns  and  half  hitches  in  a wooden  cradle 26 

Malay  knots 27 

Mousing  knots  on  borders 27 

Knotwork  on  Malaysian  shields 28 

Knotwork  and  braidwork  united 28 

Single  lacing  in  Engano  basketwork 29 

Double  lacing  in  Engano  basketwork 30 

Process  of  making  a basket  over  a wooden  mold 32 

Process  of  making  a basket  over  a mold  of  stiff  bark 33 


Active  elements  in  sets 

Double  sewing  on.shield 

Sewing  forming  3-strand  twine 

Beginning  of  single-stem  basket 

Proc-esses  on  single-stem  basket 

Finishing  processes  on  single-stem  basket 

Three-direc'tions  technic  with  varying  ('lements 


Wrapped  twinedwork 


X 


LIST  OF  TLLUSTKATTOXS. 


Haploniscus  retrospinis.  Abdomen  of  female 

J/aploniscus  retrospinis.  (Second  antenna) 

Haploniscus  retrospinis.  Abdomen  of  male 

JanireUa  lohata 

JanireUa  lohata.  First  le"  of  female 

JanireUa  lohata.  Seventh  leg  of  female 

JanireUa  lohata.  First  pleopod  of  male 

Munna  truncata 

Mimna  truncata.  First  pleopoda  of  male 

Ileteromesus  granulatus.  Female 

Ileteromesus  granulatus.  Second  antenna  of  female 

Ileteromesus  granulatus.  First  leg  of  female 

Ileteromesus  granulatus.  Middle  part  of  body  of  male 

Ileteromesus  granulatus.  Abdomen  of  male 

Ileteromesus  spinescens . Male 

Eurycope  truncata 

Eurycope  magnispinis 

Diagram  showing  the  course  of  the  axial  canals  in  Isocrinus  decorus  and  Meta- 

crinus  rotundus 

Diagram  showing  the  course  of  the  axial  canals  in  Isocrinus  decorus  in  their 

natural  position 

Portion  of  stem  of  very  young  Isocrinus  decorus.,  before  the  development  of  the 

Petaloid  sectors 

Joint  faces  in  a very  young  stem  of  Isocrinus  decorus,  but  somewhat  older  than 

the  stem  shown  in  the  preceding  figure 

Lateral  view  of  an  isolated  infrabasal  of  Isocrinus  decorus  or  Metacrinus  rotundus, 
showing  the  furrow  which  forms  half  of  the  canal  containing  the  primary 

axial  cord 

The  infrabasals  of  Isocrinus  decorus  or  Metacrinus  rotundus  spread  outward, 

showing  the  course  of  the  furrows  along  their  apposed  sides 

The  circlet  of  infrabasals  of  Isocrinus  decorus  or  Metacrinus  rotundus,  showing 
the  apertures  by  which  the  primary  axial  canals  leave  the  circlet  of  infra- 
basals to  enter  the  basals 

A basal  of  Isocrinus  decorus  or  Metacrinus  rotundus  viewed  from  the  inner  end, 
showing  the  single  aperture  by  which  the  primary  axial  cord  enters  from  the 
circlet  of  infrabasals  and  the  two  apertures  by  which  the  two  branches  leave 

the  basal  and  enter  the  radials 

The  same  basal,  ground  down  to  the  plane  passing  through  the  center  of  the 
three  apertures  to  show  the  course  of  the  canals  and  the  transverse  connective 

within  the  basal 

The  same  basal,  viewed  ventrally  (distally),  showing  the  two  apertures  by  which 
the  two  branches  of  the  primary  axial  canal  leave  the  basal  and  enter  two 

adjacent  radials. . 

Dorsal  (proximal)  view  of  a radial,  showing  the  two  apertures  by  which  the 
canals  enter  from  two  adjacent  basals,  and  the  two  apertures  by  which  the 

circular  commissure  leaves  the  radial 

The  same  radial  ground  down  to  a plane  passing  through  all  the  apertures,  show- 
ing the  course  of  the  canals  within  the  radial 

A direct  (not  foreshortened)  view  of  the  ground  surface  of  the  same  radial 

A basal  of  Endoxocrinus  parrx  viewed  from  the  interior  of  the  calyx,  showing 
the  two  apertures  by  which  the  branches  of  the  primary  cord  enter  the  basal, 
and  the  two  apertures  by  which  they  leave  the  basal  and  enter  two  adjacent 
radials;  the  course  of  the  canals  within  the  basal  is  indicated  by  dotted  lines. . 


Pajjt'. 

70 

70 

70 

78 

78 
7<) 

79 

80 
80 
82 
82 
82 
88 
88 
88 
85 
85 

87 

88 
88 
88 


89 

89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


90 

90 

90 


90 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS. 


^ XI 


Page. 

Diagram  showing  the  course  of  the  canal  in  Endoxocrinus  parrx 90 

Diagram  illustrating  the  difference  in  the  arrangement  of  the  axial  canals  be- 
tween Isocrinus  decorus  and  Metacrinus  rotundus  and  Endoxocrinus  parrse; 
the  diagram,  with  the  omission  of  the  dotted  line,  represents  the  condition  in 
Isocrinus  decorus  and  Metacrinus  rotundus;  in  Endoxocrinus  parrse  the  infra- 
basals  are  entirely  resorbed  and  the  basals  are  resorbed  as  far  as  the  dotted 


line,  with  a corresponding  increase  of  the  small  central  area 91 

Articular  face  of  a “straight  muscular”  articulation 115 

Articular  face  of  an  “oblique  muscular”  articulation../. 115 

An  axillary  with  “straight  muscular”  distal  faces.... 115 

Dorsal  view  of  an  axillary  united  to  the  preceding  joint  by  “synarthry,”  and 

to  the  two  succeeding  by  “straight  muscular”  articulations 116 

Articular  face  of  a “ synarthry  ” 116 

An  axillary  with  “oblique  muscular”  distal  faces 116 

Articular  face  of  a “syzygy” 116 

Dorsal  view  of  an  axillary,  all  three  of  whose  faces  are  “oblique  muscular;  ” the 
articulation  between  the  two  post-axillary  joints  is  also  “oblique  muscular  ” . . 117 

Pentametrocrinidse;  Pentametrocrinus 117 

Proximal  part  of  arm  of  Pentametrocrinus  tuberculatus , showing  the  external 

appearance  of  the  articulations.  .^ 117 

Proximal  part  of  arms  of  Thaumatpmetra  tenuis,  showing  the  external-appearance 

of  the  articulations ' 117 

Pentametrocrinidse;  Thaumato(^inus 118 

Pentametrocrinidse;  Became trdcrinus 118 

Zygometridse;  Eudiocrinus . ./ 118 

Zygometridx;  Zygometra.  . i 118 

Zygometridx;  Catoptometfa 119 

Antedonidx;  Heliometra 119 

Atelecrinidx;  Atelecrinus 119 

Thalassometridx;  Charitometra 120 

Ilimerometridx;  Ilimerometrd;  also,  Comasteridx;  Phanogenia 120 

Comasteridx;  Comatula .120 

Comasteridx;  Comatula 121 

Comasteridx;  Comatula 121 

Comasteridx;  Oomaster 122 

Uintacrinidx;  Uintacrinus;  the  “interradial”  and  interbrachial  })lates  are 

omitted  so  as  to  more  clearly  bring  out  the  arms  and  pinnules 125 

Pentacrinitidx;  Endoxocrinus 126 

Pentacrinitidx;  Isocrinus 126 

Pentacrinitidx;  Metacrinus 127 

Sketch  showing  occurrence  of  geodes  in  Knobstone  shales 1;16 

Posterior  portion  of  carapace  of  Glyptops  plicatulus 161 

Portiop  of  carapace  of  Echmatemys  rivalis 164 

Plastron  of  Echmatemys  rivalis 166 

Side  view  of  the  Missouri  skull 174 


1.  Left  side  of  entire  specimen  of  AepmA’Ph  fabulites.  2.  Left  valve  <)f /Nor/u/uic  ? 
subnodosa.  3.  Right  valve  of  Isochilina  ? clavigera.  4.  L('ft  valve  of  Bey- 
richia  tuberculata.  5.  Right  valve  of  Beyrichia  clavata  Kolmodin.  6.  Left; 
/valve  of  Ctenobolbina  alata  Ulrich.  7.  Left  valve  of  Ctenobolbina  ciliata 
, (Emmons).  8.  Beyrichia  (Sleuslo(/ia)  linnarssoni  (Krause).  Right,  valve. 
9.  Beyrichia  salteriuna  Jones.  10.  Different  views  of  a left  valve  of  Beyrichia 


tuberculata-buchiana  Reuter 282 

Copy  of  McCoy’s  original  sketches  of  Beyrichia  khrdcni 283 


XII 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Left  valve  and  side  and  edge  views  of  another  left  valve  of  BolUa  regularis 


(Emmons).  Left  valve  of  Beyrichia  huchiana  Jones.' 288 

A left  valve  of  Beyrichia  tuberculata,  with  the  lines  of  a Drepanella  drawn  over  it . . 290 


Right  valve  of  Drepanella  macra  Ulrich.  Left  valve  of  Beyrichia  tuberculata 
(Klmden).  Right  valve  of  Drepanella  crassinoda  Ulrich  for  comparison  with 
left  valve  of  Beyrichia  noetlingi  Reuter.  Left  valve  of  Drepanella  nitida 
(Ulrich)  for  comparison  with  the  corresponding  valve  of  Beyrichia  baueri 


Reuter 291 

Left  valve  of  Drepanella  richardsoni  (Miller).  Right  valve  of  Beyrichia  tumida 
(Ldrich).  Right  valve  of  Seyrfc/a'a  fata  Hall.  Right  valve  of  Treposella  lyoni 

(Ulrich) 292 

Right  valve  of  Ctenobolbina  subcrassa  Ulrich.  Right  valve  of  Beyrichia  plicata 
(Krause).  Left  valve  of  Beyrichia  reuteri  Krause.  Right  valve  of  Beyrichia 
salteriana  Jones.  The  figures  illustrate  the  relation  and  probable  derivation 

of  the  Beyrichia  salteriana  group  from  a Ctenobolbina  like  subcrassa 293 

Left  valve  of  Beyrichia  clavata  Kolmodin.  Left  valve  of  Beyrichia  granulifera, 
new  name.  Right  valve  of  Beyrichia  tumida  (Ulrich).  The  figures  illustrate 
the  resemblance  of  the  Beyrichia  clavata  group  to  the  B.  interrupta  group  and 
show  the  similar  antero- ventral  prolongation  of  the  posterior  lobe 294 


Left  valve  of  Beyrichia  (Steusloffia)  linnarssoni  (Krause).  Right  valve  of 


Strepula  concentrica  Jones  and  IIoll.  Left  valve  of  Strepula  irregularis  Jones 
and  IIolL  Left  valve  of  Beyrichia  ( TetradellaT)  erratica  Krause.  Left  valve  of 
Strepula?  lineata  granulosa  Steusloff.  Shows  similar  development  of  superfi- 
cial linear  crests  in  Steusloffia  and  Strepula 296 

Left  valve  of  Ctenobolbina  unibonata  (Steusloff).  Right  valve  of  Ctenobolbina 
fulcrata  (Ulrich).  Right  valve  of  Ctenobolbina  inipressa  (Steusloff).  Left 
valve  of  Ctenobolbina  subcrassa  Ulrich.  Left  valve  of  Beyrichia  (Steusloffia) 

antiqua  (Steusloff).  Left  valve  of  Beyrichia  (Steusloffiia)  acuta  (Krause) 297 

Right  valve  of  Beyrichia  reticulata  (Krause),  and  the  same  valve  of  Eurychilina 
reticulata  (Ulrich),  showing  the  similarity  of  the  two  forms  referred  to  in  the 

text 298 

Right  valve  of  Beyrichia  interrupta  (Jones).  Left  valve  of  Beyrichia  v-scripta 


(Krause).  Right  valve  of  Eurychilina  subradiata  Ulrich.  Left  valve  of  Bey- 
richia clavata  Kolmodin.  Left  valve  of  Beyrichia  (Steusloffia)  acuta  (Krause). 

The  illustrations  show  possible  derivation  of  the  Beyrichia  interrupta  group 
from  Eurychilina  and  its  relation  to  the  Beyrichia  clavata  group  and  to  Steus- 
loffia  299 

Right  valve  of  Kloedenia  wilchensiana  (Jones)  (female  individual),  and  Beyrichia 
salteriana  Jones,  respectively,  showing  the  relation  of  Kloedenia  to  the  B.  sal- 
teriana group.  Left  side,  end,  and  ventral  views  of  complete  carapace  of 
Kloedenella  pennsylvanica  (Jones) . Right  and  left  valves  of  Kloedenia  nearpassi 
(Weller).  Left  and  right  valves,  the  latter  a female  form,  of  Kyammodes 
Jciesowi  (Krause).  Left  valve  and  anterior  view  of  complete  carapace  of 
Kyammodes  whidbornei  Jones.  The  similarity  of  Kloedenia,  Kloedenella,  Kyam- 
modes, and  the  Beyrichia  salteriana  group  are  shown  in  the  above  figures 304 

Left  valve  of  Bollia  sym/metrica  (Hall).  Right  valve  of  Kloedenella  halli  (Jones). 

Right  valve  of  Kloedenella  turgida,  new  species.  Right  valve  of  Beyrichia  ? par- 
allela  Ulrich.  These  figures  illustrate  the  similarity  of  expression  of  Bollia  to 
Kloedenella,  and  the  possible  derivation  of  Kloedenella  from  the  Richmond 


species  Beyrichia  ? parallela 1U9 

Ceratosaurus  nasicornis.  Right  side  of  skull - 360 

Ceratosaurus  nasicornis.  Skull  seen  from  the  left  side 360 


Ceratosaurus  nasicornis.  Skull  seen  from  the  right  side 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIOiSIS. 


XIII 


l‘age. 

Ceratosaurus  nasicornis.  Inner  face  of  left  mandible.  1,  angular;  2,  supra- 

angular;  3,  articular;  4,  splenial;  5,  dentary 362 

Venation  of  Uscodys  cestalis 368 

Two  views  of  head  structure  of  Uscodys  cestalis 368 

Venation  of  fore  wing  of  Surattha  santella 371 

Venation  of  Eugrotea  yavapai 378 

Venation  of  Eufernaldia  argenteonervella 385 

Head  of  Eufernaldia  argenteonervella 386 

Head  and  enlarged  antenna  of  Thaumatopsis  coloradella 387 

Head  and  enlarged  antenna  of  Thaumatopsis  gibsonella 388 

Head  and  enlarged  antenna  of  Thaumatopsis  atomosella 389 

Head  and  enlarged  antenna  of  Thaumatopsis  crenulatella 390 

Head  and  enlarged  antenna  of  Thaumatopsis  repanda 390 

Head  and  enlarged  antenna  of  Thaumatopsis  pexella 391 

Venation  of  Diatrsea  parallela 392 

Head  and  palpi  of  Diatrsea  parallela 392 

Inusia  antillarum.  Lateral  view  of  type 395 

Inusia  antillarum.  Dorsal  view  of  head  and  pronotum 396 

Proctolabus  bullatus.  Lateral  view  of  type 397 

Proctolabus  bullatus.  Dorsal  view  of  head  and  pronotum 398 

Proctolabus  bullatus.  Dorsal  view  of  apex  of  abdomen 398 

Bathygnathia  curvirostris 484 

Bathygnathia  curvirostris.  Mandible 484 

Bathygnathia  curvirostris.  First  leg  of  male 484 

Gnathia  multispinis 486 

Gnathia  multispinis.  Mandible 486 

Gnathia  serrata 487 

Gnathia  serrata.  Underside  of  anterior  portion  of  head 487 

Vibilia  calif ornica.  Head  and  antennae;  first  gnathopod;  second  gnathopod; 

first  perseopod;  fourth  perseopod 491 

Vibilia  californica.  Uropods  and  telson;  fifth  permopod 491 

Orchomenella  affinis.  First  antenna;  first  perseopod;  fifth  perseopod;  first 

uropod 493 

Orchomenella  affinis.  Third  segment  of  the  abdomen;  first  gnathopod;  second 

gnathopod;  second  maxilla;  telson;  third  uropod 493 

Valettiopsis  dentatus.  First  antenna;  second  antenna;  fourth  segment  of  the 
abdomen;  mandible;  first  maxilla;  second  maxilla;  maxilliped;  telson; 

third  uropod 494 

Valettiopsis  dentatus.  First  gnathopod;  second  gnathopod 495 

Tryphosa  cceca.  First  antenna;  third  segment  of  the  abdomen;  fourth  segment 

of  the  abdomen ; mandible;  maxilliped;  first  perseopod 496 

Tryphosa  cceca.  First  gnathopod;  second  gnathopod 497 

LaJcota  carinata.  Third  abdominal  segment;  first  gnathopod;  second  gnatho- 
pod; mandible;  maxilliped;  telson;  second  uropod;  third  uropod 499 

Scopelocheirus  coecus 500 

Scopelocheirus  ccecus.  First  gnathopod;  lower  lip;  mandible;  first  maxilla; 

second  maxilla;  maxilliped;  telson;  first  uropod;  third  uropod 501 

Scopelocheirus  coecus.  First  antenna;  second  antenna;  second  gnathopod;  first 

perseopod 501 

Koroga  megalops.  Third  segment  of  the  abdomen;  fourth  segment  of  the 
abdomen;  left  mandible;  first  gnathopod;  second  gnathopod;  first  maxilla; 
second  maxilla;  maxilliped;  telson;  third  uropod 504 


XIV 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTKATIU^^S. 


ra.iiv. 

Aruga  oculata.  Third  segment  of  the  abdomen;  first  gnathopod;  second 

gnathopod;  telson:  third  uropod 506 

Aruga  oculata.  Mandible;  first  maxilla;  second  maxilla;  maxilliped;  first 

perseopod;  fifth  perseopod;  first  uropod;  second  uropod 506 

Ampelisca  cristata,  female.  First  antenna;  third  segment  of  the  abdomen; 
fourth  segment  of  the  abdomen;  first  perseopod;  telson;  first  uropod;  third 

uropod 507 

Ampelisca  cristata,  female.  First  gnathopod;  second  gnathopod;  third  perseo- 
pod; fifth  perseopod 508 

Ampelisca  plumosa,  female.  Third  segment  of  the  abdomen;  fourth  segment  of 
the  abdomen;  first  gnathopod;  third  perseopod;  fifth  perseopod;  telson;  first 

uropod;  third  uropod 509 

Ampelisca  macrocepkala , female.  Third  segment  of  the  abdomen;  second  perse- 
opod; third  perseopod;  fifth  perseopod;  telson;  third  uropod 510 

Arnpelisca  pacifica,  iemAe.  First  antenna;  fourth  abdominal  segment;  gnatho- 
pod; fourth  perseopod 511 

Ampelisca  pad  flea,  ienvAe.  Second  gnathopod;  second  perseopod 512 

Ampelisca  pacifica,  female.  Third  abdominal  segment;  mandible;  tip  of  maxil- 
liped; fifth  perseopod;  telson;  first  uropod;  third  uropod 512 

Ampelisca  calif  arnica,  female.  Third  segment  of  the  abdomen;  fourth  segment 
of  the  abdomen;  first  gnathopod;  second  perseopod;  third  perseopod;  fifth 

perseopod;  telson;  first  uropod;  third  uropod 514 

Ampelisca  cceca.  Third  segment  of  the  ahdomen;  fourth  segment  of  the  abdo- 
men; first  gnathopod;  second  gnathopod;  first  perseopod;  fourth  perseopod; 

fifth  perseopod;  telson;  third  uropod 515 

Ampelisca  lobata.  Third  segment  of  the  abdomen;  fourth  segment  of  the  abdo- 
men; first  gnathopod;  third  perseopod;  fourth  perseopod;  fifth  perseopod;  tel- 
son; third  uropod 517 

Haploops  tubicola.  Third  segment  of  the  abdomen;  first  gnathopod;  second 
gnathopod;  first  perseopod;  fourth  perseopod;  fifth  perseopod;  telson;  third 

uropod 

Paraphoxus  robustus,  female.  Third  segment  of  the  abdomen;  first  gnathopod; 
second  gnathopod;  mandible;  first  maxilla;  second  maxilla;  maxilliped;  palp 
of  mandible  which  is  not  shown  in  the  figure;  fourth  perseopod;  fifth  perseo- 
pod   

Harpina  oculata,  female.  Third  segment  of  the  abdomen;  first  gnathopod;  end 

of  palp  of  maxilliped;  fourth  perseopod;  fifth  perseopod;  third  uropod 521 

Harpina  affinis,  female.  First  antenna;  third  segment  of  the  abdomen;  first 

gnathopod;  fourth  perseopod;  fifth  perseopod;  telson;  third  uropod 523 

Metopa  pacifica,  male.  First  gnathopod;  mandible;  maxilliped;  telson;  second 

uropod 

Metopa  pacifica,  male.  Second  gnathopod;  first  perseopod;  second  peneopod.  . 525 

Gracilipes  natator 

Gracilipes  natator.  First  gnathopod;  second  gnathopod;  mandible;  first  maxilla; 

second  maxilla;  upper  lip ^28 

Gracilipes  natator.  Maxilliped;  first  perseopod;  uropod  and  telson;  first  uropod.  528 
Gracilipes  distincta,  female.  Second  gnathopod;  lower  lip;  mandible;  second 

perseopod;  telson;  third  uropod 

Neopleustes  oculatus,  female.  Third  segment  of  the  abdomen;  first  gnathopod; 

second  gnathopod;  maxilliped 

Neonleustes  oculatus,  female.  Telson;  first  uropoda;  third  uropod 532 

Acanthopleust.es  annectens _ - - 

Acanthopleustes  annectens.  First  gnathopod;  second  gnathopod;  lower  lip; 
maxilliped 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS.  XV 

Rage. 

Acanthopleustes  annectens.  First  antenna;  mandible;  first  maxilla;  second 

maxilla;  telson;  upper  lip;  first  uropoda;  third  uropod 535 

Stilipes  distincta.  Anterior  part  of  body;  end  of  abdomen;  right  mandible;  first 

maxilla;  second  maxilla 537 

Stilipes  distincta,  left  mandible 537 

Stilipes  distincta.  Maxilliped;  first  perseopod;  fourth  perseopod;  telson;  first 

uropod;  third  uropod 538 

Stilipes  distincta.  First  gnathopod;  second  gnathopod;  fifth  peraeopod 539 

Mxra  spinicauda.  Segment  of  the  abdomen;  first  gnathopod;  second  gnatho- 

pods  of  the  right  and  left  sides;  telson;  first  uropod;  third  uropod 540 

Eurustheus  dentatus.  Third  segment  of  the  abdomen;  first  gnathopod;  second 
gnathopod;  lower  lip;  first  maxilla;  first  perseopod;  telson;  first  uropod;  third 
uropod 542 

PLATES. 

L'aciug  page. 

1.  Types  of  Malaysian  basketwork 52 

2.  Burden  basket  from  Siaba  Bay 52 

3.  Six-sided  burden  basket,  Pagi  Islands 52 

4.  Drills  and  prickers  for  basket-making 52 

5.  Twilled  basket  from  West  Borneo 52 

6.  Covered  burden  basket. : 52 

7.  Burden  crate  in  hexagonal  work 52 

8.  Burden  basket,  showing  hoopwork 52 

9.  Coarse  leaf  work  basket 52 

10.  Coarse  spathework  baskets 52 

11.  Primitive  basket  forms 52 

12.  Basket  showing  mad  weave 52 

13.  Carrying  frame  in  single  element ' 52 

14.  Basket  of  spathework,  with  cycloid  cover 52 

15.  Malaysian  basketry  tools 52 

16.  Basket  showing  wickerwork 52 

17.  Burden  basket  in  single-wrapped  weft 52 

18.  A siliceous  geode  and  a geodic  cavity 142 

19.  Invertebrate  fossils  illustrating  formation  of  geodes 144 

20.  Crinoidal  remains  illustrating  formation  of  geodes 146 

21.  Crinoidal  remains  illustrating  formation  of  geodes 148 

22.  Brachiopods  showing  stages  in  formation  of  geodes 150 

23.  Brachiopods  showing  stages  in  formation  of  geodes 152 

24.  Invertebrate  fossils  illustrating  formation  of  geodes 154 

25.  A new  fossil  liverwort,  Marchantia  pealei 160 

26.  Carapace,  plastron,  and  skull  of  Terrapene  longinsubr 170 

27.  Costal  and  peripheral  bones  of  fossil  turtles 170 

28.  Side  view  of  the  Oregon  skull 176 

29.  Land  shells  from  Mexico 182 

30.  Fresh-water  shells  from  Mexico  and  New  Zealand 182 

31.  Male  genitalia  of  Phxocyma 276 

32.  Male  genitalia  of  Phxocyma 276 

33.  Male  and  female  genitalia  of  PAx’067/ma 276 

34.  Female  genitalia  of  Phxocyma 276 

35.  Female  genitalia  of  Phxocyma 276 

36.  Structural  details  of  leg  of  Phxocyma  lanata 27(5 

37.  'Grou{)s  oi  lieyrichia 326 

38.  Bcyrichia,  Steusloffia,  iind  Klxdenia '328 

39.  Tetradella,  Kiesoura,  and  Ceratopsis 330 


XVI 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Facing  page. 

40.  Ctenobolbina :I:T2 

41.  Drepanella  and  Scofieldia ;I:I4 

42.  Treposella  2a\d  Ilollina :TF) 

43.  Kltrdenella,  Kirkbyina,  Beyrichiella,  and  Beyrichiopsis 338 

44.  Jonesina 340 

45.  LoxorJiynchus  grandis 350 

46.  Loxorhynchus  grandis 350 

47.  Loxorhynchus  grandis;  Branchiolambrus  altus;  Archuopus  antcnnatiis 350 

48.  Archaeopus  antennatus 350 

49.  Cancer  fissus;  Archxopus  antennatus 350 

50.  Spirocypris  tuberculata,  Cypria  dentifera,  and  Cyclocypris  Isevis 430 

51.  Candona  parallela 430 

52.  Paracandona  euplectella 430 

53.  Cypris  fuscata 430 

54.  Cypris  incongruens,  Spirocypris  tuberculata^  and  Cyclocypris  Ixvis 430 

55.  Spirocypris  tuberculata,  new  species 430 

56.  Ilyocypris  gibba  and  Ilyocypris  bradyi 430 

57.  Ilyodromus  pectinatus,  new  species 430 

58.  Cyprois  marginata 430 

59.  Notodromas  monacha 430 

60.  Cy there  americana,  new  species 430 

61.  Cythere  papillosa,  liQw  430 

62.  Cylindroleberis  oblonga 430 

63.  Cylindroleberis  lobianci 430 

64.  Pyrocypris  americana 430 

65.  Philomedes  brenda  and  Cylindroleberis  lobianci 430 

66.  The  male  and  female  of  Chondracanthus  epachthes 482 

67.  The  male  and  female  of  Pseudochondracanthus  diceraus 482 

68.  The  female  of  Lepeophtheirus  parvus 482 

69.  The  female  of  Lepeophtheirus  constrictus 482 

70.  The  female  of  Lepeophtheirus  insignis 482 

71.  The  male  and  young  female  of  Lepeophtheirus  insignis 482 

72.  The  male  and  female  of  Trebius  tenuifurcatus 482 

73.  The  female  and  a chalimus  of  Achtheinus  oblongus 482 

74.  The  female  of  Eudactylina  uncinata 482 

75.  The  male  and  female  of  Hatschehia  pinguis 482 

76.  The  females  of  Lernseenicus  medusseus,  Phrixocephalus  cincinnatus,  and 

Opimia  exilis 482 

77.  The  male  and  female  of  Brachiella  gracilis 482 

78.  The  female  of  Brachiella  anserina 482 

79.  The  male  and  female  of  Brachiella  anserina 482 

80.  The  female  of  Lernxopoda  gibber 482 

81.  The  female  of  Lernxopoda  beani 482 

82.  The  female  of  Lernxopoda  bicauliculata 482 

83.  The  female  of  Lernxopoda  falculata 482 

84.  Alcyonaria  of  the  California  coast 728 

85.  Alcyonaria  of  the  California  coast 728 

86.  Alcyonaria  of  the  California  coast 728 

87.  Alcyonaria  of  the  California  coast 728 

88.  Alcyonaria  of  the  California  coast 728 

89.  Alcyonaria  of  the  California  coast 728 

90.  Alcyonaria  of  the  California  coast 728 

91.  Alcyonaria  of  the  California  coast 728 


INDEX 


Page. 

Aaptus 584 

Abalinus 584 

Abbott  Collections.  Vocabulary  of  Malay- 
sian Basketwork:  A Study  in  the  W.  L.,  by 

Otis  T.  Mason. 1 

Abernius 584 

Ablas 584 

Abuceros 584 

Acanthaspidia 72 

typhlops 72 

Acanthis 584 

Acanthopleustes 533 

annectens 516,533,534 

Acanthoptilum 700 

album 682,684,701 

annulatmn 682,684,703 

gracile 682,684,700 

pourtalesii 682,684,701 

scalpeUiforme 682, 684, 702 

Acanthropterus 585 

bilobus 585 

Acanthura 585 

Acanthurus 585 

microrhynchus 585 

Accentor 585,599 

aquations 585 

immaculatus 590 

Achtheinus 450 

oblongus ■ 450 

Achtheres  coregoni 476 

Acridida?.  Two  New  Species  of  Neotropical 
Orthoptera  of  the  Family,  by  James  A.  G. 

Rehn 395 

Acris  gryllus 557,559 

gryllus 557 

Acritillas 585 

Acrocephalus  l)istrigiceps 589 

Acrochordopus 585 

Actinometra 113 

Additions  to  Waterhouse’s  “ Index  Generum 
Avium.”  Generic  Names  applied  to  Birds 
during  the  Years  1901  to  1905,  inclusive, 

with  further,  by  C.  W.  Richmond .583 

Adelometra  angustiradia 119 

Aedes  aldrichi 57 

argentescens . / .55 

atropalpus. ./ .54 

cuneatus../ .54 

epactius.y 53 

haruspiqns .56 

horridpS .56 

idahehnsis .57 

Aegithalus .585 

Aegithocichla .585 

Aegitbospiza .586 

Aegyps .5.86 


Page. 

Acronym  pha 586 

prosantis 586 

Aerornis 586 

ni  veifrons i 586 

Aesalon 586 

fringlllarius 586 

Aethia 586 

cristatella 586 

Aethocorys 586 

Aethopyga  pulcherrima 609 

Aethostoma 586 

Aetus 586 

pygargus 586 

Agami 586 

Agelaius  chopi 584 

imthurni _. 637 

Agkistrodon  contortrix 566 

Aglossa  cestalis 369 

Agonopteryx 190,198 

amissella 199 

amyrisella 198 

arenella. . . .' 199 

argillacea 199 

arnicella 198 

atrodorsella 198 

canadensis 199 

canella 198 

ciniflonella. 198 

clemensella 198 

curviliniella 198 

flavicomella 199 

fulva 198 

gelidella 198 

gracilis 198 

klam.athiana 198 

lecontella 199 

lythrella 199 

muricolorella 199 

nebulosa 198 

nigrijiotella 198 

novimundi 198 

nul)iferella : 199 

ocelkana 198 

])allidella 199 

plummerella 199 

posticella 199 

psoraliella 198 

pulvipennella 198 

robiniella 199 

rosaciliella 198 

sal)ulella 199 

sanguinella 199 

scabella 198,199 

tlioraccfasciella 198 

thonxcenigrao.(>la 198 

umbraticostella 198 

72!) 


730 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Agonopteryx  walsinghamiella 198 

Agreutes 587 

Alauda  africana 002,637 

bifasciata 602 

calandra 595,602 

erythropygia 632 

ferruginea 637 

grayi 588 

nigricans 632 

trivialis 639 

Alaudidae 586, 588, 593, 595, 602, 605,  (i32, 637 

Ali>atross  off  the  West  Coast  of  North  Amer- 
ica, in  1903  and  1904,  with  Descriptions  of  a 
New  Family  and  several  New  Genera  and 
Species.  The  Amphipoda  collected  by  the 
U.  S.  Bureau  of  Fisheries  Steamer,  by 

Samuel  J.  Holmes 489 

Albellus 587 

Albertosaurus 357 

sarcophagus 356 , 357 , 358 , 365 

Alca  cristatella 586 

Alcedinidae 587,590,608,612 

Alcedoaurea 616 

capensis 660, 663, 664, 665 

grandis 616 

gurial 669 

javana 660,665,666 

leucocephala 665 

melanorhyncha 660 

Alcidae 586,619,630,638,639 

Alcyon 587 

capensis  vel  princeps 669 

Alcyonacea 685 

Alcyonaria  of  the  Californian  Coast,  by 

Charles  C.  Nutting 681 

Alcyonidae 682,687 

Alector 587 

Alectryopelia 587 

Allegheny  black  snake . 565 

Allocotopterus /. . . 587 

Allosaurus  ferox 352 

fragilis 352 , 353, 354, 356 

Marsh  and  Creosaurus  Marsh 353 

mediiis 353 

Alnus  incana -■ 419 

Alopochelidon j 588 

Alticus  margaritarius / 106 

novemmaculosus 107 

Aluconidae 626, 647 

Amandava ./ 588 

punctata j 588 

Amblygobius  naraharae. . . / 101 


Amblyopsis  spelaeus /. 546, 548, 549 

Amblyospiza  concolor. . ./ 625 

Amblyrhynchus 588 

Ambystoma  jeffersonianum 550 

punctatum 552 

tigrimun 552 

Ameiurus  melas 546, 549 

nebulosus 549 

America.  Descriptions  of  some  New  Mos- 
quitoes from  Tropical,  by  H.  G.  Dyar  and 

Frederick  Knab 53 

A.merican  Indian  Skulls  with  Low  Forehead. 

New  Examples  of,  by  Ales  Hrdlidka 171 


Page. 

American  Moths  of  the  Family  OEcophoridae, 
with  Descriptions  of  New  Species.  A Ge- 
neric Revision  of,  by  August  Busck 187 

American  Paleozoic  Ostracoda.  Preliminary  i 

Revision  of  the  Beyrichiidae,  with  Descrip-  ‘ 

tions  of  New  Genera.  New.  By  E.  O. 

Ulrich  and  Ray  S.  Bassler 277 

Aminornis 588  i 

excavatus 588 

Anunomanes 588 

Ammomanoides 588 

Ammomanopsis 588 

Ammopasser 588 

Ammospiza 588 

Ampelis 588 

cinctus 643 

garrula 583,588 

Ampelisca  brevicornis 514 

californica 513,516 

coeca 515,517,518 

cristata 507 

lobata 517 

macrocephala 508,510 

odontoplax 516 

pacifica 511 

pliunosa 509 

pugetica 514 

Ampeliscidae 507 

Amphioxus 425 

Amphipoda  collected  by  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of 
Fisheries  Steamer  “'Albatross”  oh  the  West 
Coast  of  North  America,  in  1903  and  1904, 
with  Descriptions  of  a New  Family  and 
several  New  Genera  and  Species,  by  Samuel 

J.  Hohnes 489 

Anabathmis 589 

Anarsia  albapulvella 191 

Anas  bernicla 593 

clangula 600 

fabalis 620 

gambensis 634 

marila 620 

querquedula 638 

segetiun 620 

spectabilis 608 

tadorna 644 

Anatidse 587,589,590,593,600, 

603, 604, 608, 610, 620, 623, 634, 635, 638, 644, 645 

Anatina  tryoniana 349 

Anceus 483 

^ bathybius 483 

Anchorella  uncinata 475, 476 

Ancistroa 589 

Andropadus  gracilis 597 

Anecorhamphus 589 

Anerastia  cestalis 369 

Anerpous 589 

Anesychia  texanella 206, 207 

Anisoramphe 589 

Anodonta  coarcta 180 

Anopheles 53 

cruzii 53 

Anseres 635 

Anseria 589 

Antedon D3 


INDEX, 


731 


Page. 

Anteliocichla 589 

Anthomastus 687 

ritteri 682,684,687 

Anthoptilidae 682,710 

Anthoptiltun 710 

grandiflorum 682, 684, 710 

I thompsoni 710 

Anthosc^nus 589 

Anthraci^  squaminularis 253 

N^ndularis 231 

Anthroporni^ 589 

lior  denskj  old  i i 589 

Antisianus \ 590 

Antrodemus .\ 353 

valens. 353 

Aparchites 278 

Apatema 590 

Aphanotriccus 590 

Aphrizidae 599 

Apomotis  cyanellus 546, 549 

Aprunella 590 

Aptenodytes 590 

patagonica 590 

Apterodytes 590,629 

Aquila  adalberti 622 

aurea 599 

bifasciata 622 

clanga 622 

fulvescens 622 

glitschi 622 

imperialis 622 

nsevia 622 

orientalis 622 

rapax 622 

Aquilaster 590 

Arachnothera 590 

Area  trilineata 342, 344 

vancouverensis 349 

Archaeoeyenus 590 

lacustris 590 

Archaeopus 346 

antennatus 341,. 346, 347, 348 

Ardea  episcopus 606 

garzetta 607 

melanolopha 618 

minuta 616 

stellaris 616 

Virgo 626,641 

Ardeidae 607,616,618,020 

Argaleocichla .591 

Argulidae 432 

Argulus  niger 4.33 

puge.ttensis J. 432 

Argus J. 591 

gigantous .591 

Argyrodyptos ■ 591 

iriicrotarsi^ 591 

Aristotelia  natalella. . . / 194 

Arizclocichla L .591 

Arizelomyia .591 

Arizelopsar 591 

Arm  Joints  and  Arm  Divisions  in  the  recent 
Crinoids  of  the  Families  of  the  Comatulida 
and  the  Pentacrinitidic.  The  Homologies 

of  the,  by  A.  II.  Clark 113 

Artacolax 43.3 


Page. 

Artacolax  (Bomolochus)  ardeoloe 433, 434, 476 

Arthrodytes 591 

Aruga 504 

oculata 505 

Ascalaphus 591 

auritus 591 

Aselloidea  from  the  Atlantic  Coast  of  North 
America.  Some  New  Isopoda  of  the  Super- 
family, by  Harriet  Richardson 71 

Ashy  salamander 553 

Aspasma 184 

Aspideretes  grander 168 

Asterias 592 

palumbarius 592 

Asterope > 422 

oblonga .'. 423 

Astrodapsis  merriami , 346 

perrini 342 

Asturaetos 592 

Asturaetus 592 

furcillatus 592 

Asturina  natterei 635 

pucherani 635 

Atalotriccus 592 

Athyris  lamellosa 139 

Atimastillas .592 

Atlantic  Coast  of  North  America.  Some  New 
Isopoda  of  the  Superfamily  Aselloidea  from 

the,  by  Harriet  Richardson 71 

Atlantic  Coast  of  North  America.  Some  New 
Isopods  of  the  Family  Gnathiidae  from  the, 

by  Harriet  Richardson 483 

Attagen 592 

Aublysodon 358 

mirandus...^ 359 

Aucornis 592 

euryrhynchus 592 

solidus 592 

Auga 592 

Aurelia 592 

ciris 592 

Autruchon 592 

Avium.  Generic  Names  applied  to  Birds 
during  the  Years  1901  to  1905,  inclusive, 
with  further  Additions  to  Waterhouse’s 

Index  Generum,  by  C.  W.  Richmond 583 

Axial  Canals  of  the  recent  Pentacrinitidae,  by 

A.  H.  Clark 87 

Babax  waddelli 616 

Bacha 592 

Balanephagus 593 

garrulus ‘ .593 

Balanus  ooncavus 344 

Balticina 704 

blakei 706 

finmarchica 682. 684, 70.5, 706 

pacifica 682,  (>84, 704 

Barbatula  leucomystax 647 

Barbilaniiis .593 

Barnesia .593 

Basanistes .593 

cissoides .593 

Bascanion  constrictor .565 

Basketwork:  A Study  in  the  W.  L.  .Vl)bott 
Collections.  Vocabulary  of  Malaysian,  by 
Otis  T.  Mirson 1 


732 


INDEX, 


Page. 

Bassler,  Ray  S.,  and  Edward  0.  Ulrich,  New 
American  Paleozoic  Ostracoda.  Prelimi- 
nary Revision  of  the  Beyrichiida:,  with  De- 


scriptions of  New  Genera 277 

Bassler,  Ray  S.  The  Formation  of  Geodes 
with  Remarks  on  the  Silicification  of  P'ossils.  133 

Bathmedonia 593 

Bathmocercus 593 

Bathygnathia 483 

curvirostris 483 

Battus  tuberculatus 283,286 

Beds  of  Montana.  Description  of  New  Fossil 
Liverwort  from  the  Fort  Union,  hy  F.  H. 

Knowlton 157 

Bergia 593 

Berlepschia 593 

chrysoblephara 593 

Bernicla 593 

Betula  pumila 419 

Beyrichia 277, 278, 284, 306, 308, 317, 324 

acuta 295, 296 

admixta 285 

aequilatera 285 

affinis 306 

antiqua 295,296 

aurita 286 

barretti 301 

baueri 28.5,290 

tripartita 285 

beyrichioides 295 

bohemica 306 

bolliana 285,287 

umbonata 286 

bronni 281,285,289 

buchiana 285, 287, 288, 292, 293 

angustata 285 

incisa 285 

nutans 285 

buchiano-tuberculata 289 

bussacensis 306 

carinata 306 

chambers! 278,308 

ciliata 278,309,310 

clavata 281 , 285, 291, 294, 299, 300 

clavigera 281 

complicata 278,306 

var.  decorata 306 

concinna 301 

damesi 285,299 

deckerensis 301 

devonica /...  286 

diffusa 285 

digitata  var.  separata 306  j 

dissecta 306 

dubia 285 

duryi 310 

emaciata 316 

erratica ^ 295, 296, 306 

fastigata ; 324 

grandis 215 

granulifera 294,299,300 

granulosa 285,293 

guilleri 310 

halli.. 319 

hammelli 310 

harpa 306 


Page. 

Bejrichia  hastata 308 

initialis 301 

intermedia 301 

intermpta 285,294 

jonesi 291,299 

jonesii 285,293 

kloedeni 277, 

283,  285, 287, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293 

acadica 285 

antiquata 285 

bicuspis 285 

granulata 285 

infecta 285 

intermedia 285 

sub  var.  sub- 

spissa 285 

nuda 285 

protuberans 285 

var.  scotica .302 

subtorosa 285 

torosa 285 

verruculosa 285 

kochii 281,285,287 

kolmodini 294 

kununeli 301 

laculata 306 

lata 285,292 

lauensis 285,289 

lindstromi 285,287 

var.  expansa 286 

linnarssoni 293, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299 

longispina 316 

lyoni 314 

maccoyiana 281,285,286,287,298 

sulcata 285 

mamillosa 306 

marchica 306 

var.  angustata 306 

lata 306 

montaguensis 301 

moodeyi 285,286,287 

muldensis 285 

multiloba 321 

nearpassi 301 

nodulosa 285 

expansa 286 

noetlingi 286, 289, 290 

conjuncta 286 

oculina 301 

pahnata 306 

parallela 319 

parasitica 301 

persulcata 288 

plagosa 286 

plicata : 286,293 

protuberans 291 

pustulosa 286,289 

quadrifida 308 

quadrilirata 307 

radians 307 

radiata 316,320 

reticulata 286 

reuteri 286, 293 

ribeiriana 307 

richardsoni 278,312 


salteriana 281, 286, 289, 293, 298, 299 


1 


INDEX. 


733 


Page. 

Beyrichia  scanensis 286 

signata 295,296 

simplex 295 

spinulosa 286 

steusloffi 286 

sussexensis 302 

trilobata 286,293 

trisulcata 318 

tuberculata 281,286,287,289, 

290,  291,  292,  293,  294,  302 

bigibbosa 286 

spicata 286 

tuberculato-kochiana 286, 287 

tuberculospinosa 321 

tumida 292,294.311 

umbonata 283,293,294 

ungula 288 

varicosa : 321 

ventricornis 322 

v-scripta , 294,300 

waldronensis 286 

wallpackensis 302 

wilckensiana 277,302 

plicata 302 

Beyrichiella 278,320,322,324 

cristata 322 

reticosa 322 

Beyrichiidse,  with  Descriptions  of  New 
Genera.  New  American  Paleozoic  Ostra- 
coda.  Preliminary  Revision  of  the,  by 

E.  O.  Ulrich  and  Ray  S.  Bassler 277 

Beyxichiopsis 320, 323 

cornuta 323 

fimbriata 323 

fortis 323 

granulata 323,324 

simplex 323,324 

subdentata 323 

Biarmicus 593 

russicus 593 

Big-eared  bat 577 

Birds  during  the  Years  1901  to  1905,  inclusive, 
with  further  Additions  to  Waterhouse’s 
“Index  Generum  Avium.”  Generic  names 

applied  to,  by  C.  W.  Richmond 583 

Black  snake 565 

Blarina  brevicauda 547 

carolinensis 577 

parva 577 

Blastobasis 188 

Blennidae 106 

Blue  racer / 5tt5 

Blue-tailed  skink : 5H3 

Boisduval.  A Revision  of  some  Species  of 
Noctuidae  heretofore  referred  to  the  Genus 

Ilomoptera,  by  J.  B.  Smith 209 

Bollia 277,309,315,317 

auricularis  297, 31 1 

halli ; 319 

interrupta. 285,294 

kolmodini 295 

major..:... 310 

minor ' 297,310 

regularia 288 

regularis 288,319 


Paga 

Bollia  symmetrica 319 

Bombycillidae 595 

Bomolochus 433 

chatoessi 433 

cornutus 433 

hirsutus 433 

scomberesocis 433 

Borkhausenia 190,203 

ascriptella 204 

coni  a 204 

episcia 204 

fasciata 204 

minutella 204 

orites 204 

pseudospretella 204 

Botha 593,605 

difficilis 593 

Box  tortoise 567 

Brachiella  anserina 467, 477 

gracilis 464 

malleus 464 

Brachiopoda 342 

Brachydactyla 594 

temminckii 594 

Brachypus 594 

Brachyrhamphus 594 

elegans 594 

Brachyscelus  crusculum 490 

Bradycinetus 427 

brenda 428 

Bradyornis  bohmi 624 

Branchiolambrus 344 

altus 344,345 

Bremus 594 

Brevipes 594 

Brevitarsus 594 

Bucco  cinereus 622 

parvus 634 

rubecula 622 

swainsoni 620 

Bucconidae 620 

Buceros 584 

abyssinicus 646 

Bucerotidse 584,611,630,646 

Budytanthus 594 

torquatus 594 

Budytes 594 

neglectus 629 

Buettikoferia 594 

Bufo  lentiginosus  americanus 557 

Bullfrog 562 


Bureau  of  Fisheries  Steamer  “Albatross”  off 
the  West  Coast  of  North  America,  in  1903 
and  1904,  with  Descriptions  of  a New  Fam- 
ily and  several  New  Genera  and  Species. 
The  Amphipoda  collected  by  the  U.  S., 


by  Samuel  J.  Holmes 489 

Busck,  August,  A Generic  Revision  of  Ameri- 
can Moths  of  the  Family  (Ecophoridae,  with 

Descriptions  of  New  Species 187 

Butalis  caerulescens 599 

Buteonidae .WO, 

.590,  .592,-594, 597,  .599, 61 1 , 615,  (i21 , 622, 628, 635 

Buteopernis 594 

Byas .594 


734 


INDEX, 


Page. 

Byas  nobilis 594 

Byblis  gaimardii 518 

Byssxira 595 

bohemica 595 

Cacatuidae ()02,(>09 

Caerel)idao 595 

Calamornis 595 

Calandra 595 

Calandrina 595 

Calarina 370 

Calidris ^503 

California.  Descriptions  of  Fossil  Cral)S  from, 

by  M.  J.  Rathbun 341 

California  Fishes,  Rimicola  eigenmanni  and 
Plagiogrammus  hopkinsi.  Notes  on  Two 

Rare,  by  John  Otterbein  Snyder 183 

Californian  Coast.  Alcyonaria  of  the,  by 

Charles  C.  Nutting 681 

Caligidae 439 

Caligorgia 714 

sertosa 683,684,715 

Caligus  gurnardi 439, 476, 477 

Calliopiidse 526 

Callopeltis  obsoletus \ - 565 

confmis 565 

Callornis 608 

Callyodon  elere 99 

lunula 99 

Calobates 595 

radiceus 595 

Calyptocichla 595 

Campylops 595 

hamulus 595 

Campylorhamphus 595 

longirostris.-; 595 

Canals  of  the  recent  Pentacrinitidse.  The 

Axial,  by  A.  H.  Clark 87 

Cancer 341 

fissus 343 

magister 343,344 

Cancridse 343 

Candona 400,401 

euplectella 402,408 

parallela 400, 401 

recticauda /.  405 

Candoninse 400,401 

Canis  occidentalis 576 

Cannabia 595 

propria J. 595 

Capitonidse /584, 634, 636, 647 

Capparis - 596 

Caprella  californica 543 

Caprellidea /. 543 

Capricalea j. 596 

arborea y 596 

Caprimulgidae / 626, 631 

Caprimulgus 631 

grandis 626 

yucatensis/. 626 

Capya 596 

Carbo  auritus 605 

mexicanus 647 

Carex 418 

Caricicola 596 

Carites 596 


Page. 

Carnivorous  Dinosaurs,  with  special  Refer- 
ence to  Ceratosaurus  nasicornis  Marsh.  On 
certain  Genera  and  Species  of,  by  Oliver  P. 


Hay 351 

Carolina  shrew 577 

Carphophis  amoenus 563 

Carpodacus  sophia 640 

Carpophaga 596 

(Phaenorhina)  goliath 631 

Casmarhynchus 596 

Castalia 418 

Casuariidae 597, 628, 646 

Casuarius 628 

galeatus 628 

novae  hollandiae 598 

Cataractes 596 

Cathartidae 611 

Catostomus  commersonii 549 

Cave  salamander 555 

Cecropinae 453 

Cecrops  latreilii 453, 477 

Cedola 596 

senegalensis . . . : 596 

Cela 597 

Cepphus 597 

scorpus 597 

Ceraphanes 597 

anomalus 597 

Ceratella 308 

Ceratopsis 308 

chambers! 308 

hastata 308 

intermedia 308 

oculifera . 308 

robusta 308 

Ceratosaurus  nasicornis 359 

Ceratosaurus  nasicornis  Marsh.  On  certain 
Genera  and  Species  of  Carnivorous  Dino- 
saurs, with  special  Reference  to,  by  Oliver 

P.  Hay 351 

Cerehne 597 

buteo 597 

pennipes 597 

Certhia  coccinea 609 

falcata 609 

obscura 609 

pacifica 609 

vestiaria 614 

Certhiidaei 604 

Ceryle 659 

Chaetura  major 586 

Chaja 597 

torquata 597 

Chama  pellucida : 342 

Chamaebates 597 

rufiventris 597 

Chamaedaphne  calyculata 419 

Chambersia 188 

Chameleon  tree-frog 559 

Chara 418 

Charadricus  leucurus 647 

Charadriidae 585,609,647 

Charadriiformes 606 

Charadriola 597 

singularis 597 

Charadrius 597 


INDEX. 


735 


Page. 

Charadrius  asiaticus 609 

gallicus 606 

Charitillas y. 597 

Charitospiza-4 598 

eiicosma 598 

Chelarga X 598 

Chelido 598 

Chelidorhamphus 598 

'prhycteriis 598 

Chelydra  serpentine 547, 567 

Chenorhamphus 601 

cyanopectus 601 

Chiasoramphe 598 

Chile  comptulatalis 393 

densellus 392 

forbesellus 393 

multipunctellus 393 

placidellus 392 

plejadellus 392 

puritcllus 393 

squamulellus 393 

Chimabache  haustellata i 191 

Chione  temblorensis V 346 

Chionididae V 600 

Chipmunk \ 569 

Chironesimus 498 

Chlamy  dotheca 400 

aztcka 400 

mexicana 400 

Chlorestrilda 598 

Chloreus . 598 

oriolus , 598 

Chiorion 599 

Cblorura  hyperytbra 638 

Choerocbilus  trimaculella 191 

Choerodon 156 

Choerodon  in  place  of  Chcerops  for  a Labroid 

Genus  of  Fishes,  by  Theodore  Gill 155 

Choerodon  macrodon 156 

Choerops 155,156 

Choerops  for  a Labroid  Genus  of  Fishes. 
Choerodon  in  place  of,  by  Theodore  Gill. . . 155 

Chcprops  jordani 98 

macrodon 155 

meleagridcs 156 

Chondracanthidae ,. 434 

Chondracanthus  epachthes 476 

epacthes y 434 

Chorophilus  nigritus  feriaruml 558 

Chrysaiitus J. 599 

aquilinus ./ 599 

Chrysemys  marginata. . . /. 567 

Chrysocantor J. 599 

Chrysoptilopicus I. 599 

Cichlomyia ./. 599 

Cichlopassor J. 585 

Ciconia /...’ 599 

Ciconiidae .1. .59:),  666, 620, 629, 648 

Ciconiopsis { .599 

antarctica 599 

Cinclidae .5.^t5,  .599,614 

Cinclus .599 

hydrophilus 599 

Cincrosa .599 

Cinnamopteryx 600 


Page. 

Cinnyris  nectarinioides 613 

newtoni 589 

Cinulia  obliqua 349 

Cirripedia 344 

Cissopis  major 594 

Citharichthys 476 

Cladornithidae 604 

Cladosocopus / 600 

Clangula -o 600 

Clark,  Austin  Hobart,  The  Axial  Canals  of 
the  recen/  Pentacri- 

nitidae./. 87 

The  Ho:^ologies  of  the 
Arm/  Joints  and 
Arm  Divisions  in 
the  recent  Crinoids 
of  the  Families  of 
/the  Comatulida  and 

Pentacrinitidse 113 

Clidiophora  punctatai 344 

C limacarthrus 600 

incompletus 600 

Climacocercus 600 

Cliola  vigilax 549 

Cnemarchus '. 600 

Coast  of  North  America,  in  1903  and  1904, 
with  Descriptions  of  a New  Family  and 
several  New  Genera  and  Species.  The 
Amphipoda  collected  by  the  U.  S.  Bureau 
of  Fisheries  Steamer  “Albatross”  off  the 

West,  by  Samuel  J.  Holmes 489 

Coccyx 600 

americanus 600 

canorus 600 

Coccyzus  levaillarrtii 607 

Coelocentrum 177 

(Crossostephanus)  palmeri 177 

palmed 177 

Cold-blooded  vertebrates 548 

Cold-blooded  Vertebrates  of  the  Indiana 
University  Farm,  Mitchell,  Indiana. 

Notes  on  the  Mammals  and,  by  Walter  L. 

Hahn 545 

Coleoramphus 600 

nivalis 600 

Collections.  Vocabulary  of  Malaysian  Bas- 
ketwork:  A Study  in  the  W.  L.  .Vbbott, 

by  Otis  T.  Mason 1 

Collocalia 640 

Colonosaurus 600 

mudgei 600 

Colopterus  pilaris .592 

Colubris (HU 

mango 601 

mcllivorus 601 

minimus (H)l 

ourissa 601 

rubens 601 

Columba  amea 623 

Columbia  carunculala 587,  (HU 

cur  vi  rostra .589 

hodgsoni (H)5 

Columbida' 60.5,647 

Columbigallina 587 

Columbigallus 601 


736 


INDEX, 


Pane.  ! 

Columbigallus  franciae 601  : 

Coinaster 113,123,124  ; 

borneensis 120, 123, 124  ^ 

coppingeri 120, 123, 124 

discoidea 120,123,  124 

fimbriata 120, 123, 124  | 

iowensis 120, 123, 124  j 

lineata 120,123,124  ; 

mariae 120, 123, 124  ! 

multiradiata 120, 123, 124  j 

sentosa 120,123,124  | 

Comatula 123, 124  j 

distincta 124  j 

multibrachiata. 124 

notata 124 

paucicirra 124 

pectinata 124 

Solaris 124 

Comatulida  and  the  Pentacrinitidae.  The 
Homologies  of  the  Arm  Joints  and  Arm  Di- 
visions in  the  recent  Crinoids  of  the  Fami- 
lies of  the,  by  A.  H.  Clark 113 

Comeris 601 

Cometes 601  j 

Conopoderas 601 

Conopophagidae 597,615 

Conopotheras 601 

Conurus 601 

Conus 346 


Copepods:  A List  of  those  found  upon  the 
Fishes  of  the  Pacific  Coast,  with  Descrip- 
tions of  New  Genera  and  Species.  North 
American  Parasitic,  by  Charles  Branch 


Wilson 431 

Copperhead r 566 

Copsicus 601 

merula 601 

torquata 601 

Coracias  garrulus .583 

Coraciidae 588 

Coracina 602 

Corax 602 

Coregonus 476 

nelsonii 476 

Cormias 602 

Cornularidae 685 

Corone 602 

cinerea 602 

cornix 602 

frugilega 602 

maxima 602 

monedula 602 

Corophiidae 543 

Corvidae 586, 

593, 602, 603, 61 0, 620, 637, 638, 642, 643, 645 

Corvina 602 

Corvus  frugilegus- /. 642 

leucognaphalus.  / 602 

stelleri J. 643 

varians J. 586 

Corj^dalis (. 602 

arvensis 602 

nemorum 602 

Corydon 602 

Corydus 595,602 

Coryuorhinus  macrotis 547,577 


Page. 

CossjTihodes 155 

Coss^'phus  macrodon 155 

Cotinga  tschudii 643 

Cotingidae 593, 

600, 602, 605,  li07, 613, 61 5, 616, 622,  (i28, 636, 643 

Cottus  richardsoni 546,550 

Coua 603 

Crabs  from  California.  Descriptions  of  Fossil, 

by  M.  J.  Rathbun 341 

Cracidae 587 

(Tactes 603 

Crambid  Moths.  Descriptions  of  New  Spe- 
cies of  North  American,  by  W.  D.  Kearfott.  367 

Crambus  bidens 381 

cockeellus ' 378 

dorsipunctellus 383 

dumetellus 379 

inteimedius 382,383 

nevadellus 384 

polingi 382 

simpliciellus 384 

trichusalis 379 

youngellus 380 

Craspedoprion 003 

Craugus 003 

Crax  alector 587 

Crecca 603 

communis 603 

glocitans 003 

palustris 603 

Crenilabrus  Chabrol ii 95 

macrurus 95 

Creosaurus 353,355 

atrox 354 

Creurgus 603 

excubitor 603 

lanius - 603 

rufus 603 

Cricket  frog 557 

Criniger  affinis 645 

ictericus 585 

serinus 595 

Crinoids  of  the  Famalies  of  the  Comatulida 
and  the  Pentacrinitidav  The  Homologies 
of  the  Arm  Joints  and  Arm  Divisions  in  the 

recent,  by  A.  H.  Clark 113 

Crocethia 603 

Crossostephanus 177 

Crucirostra 598 

Cruschedula 604 

revola 604 

Cryptobranchus  alleghaniensis 550 

Cryptoglaux 604 

Cryptolechia 189 

canariella 195 

ciliella 196 

concolorella. 195 

cretacea 194 

huachucella 195 

obscuromaculella 195 

sparsiciliella 201 

straminella 194 

tentoriferella 195 

Ctenobolbina 277, 278, 284, 309, 311, 315 

alata 310 

antespinosa 295 


INDEX, 


737 


Page 

Page. 

Ctenobolbina  auricularia 

297 

Cylindroleberis  oblonga. 

401,423 

auricularis 

297,311 

Cynoscion  nobilis 

441,464,476 

bispinosa 

310 

Cyphornis 

604 

cavimarginata 

295 

magnus 

604 

ciliata 

. 290,296,309,311 

Cypria 

400,408,410 

var.  curata . . 

310 

dentifera 

. 400,405,407,410,419 

crassa 

296,310 

exsculpta 

curta 

310 

obesa 

duryi 

310 

Cyprididae 

/ 400,401 

/ 422, 426, 427 

emaciata 

310 

Cypridina 

fulcrata 

296,297,310 

brenda 

428 

granosa 

310 

marise 

423 

guilleri 

310 

oblonga 

.../ 423 

hammelli 

310 

Cypridinae 

400,403 

impressa 

297,310 

Cypridinidae 

401,422 

informis 

295 

Cypridopsis 

400 

insolens 

295,315 

vidua 

400,405,419 

loculata 

311 

Cypris 

400,403,408 

major 

310 

aurantia 

minima 

311 

biplicata — 

410 

minor 

310 

flava /. 

415 

obliqua 

310 

fusca 

404 

oblonga 

296,310 

fuscata 

. 400,403,404,407,419 

papillosa 

310 

gibba 

410 

punctata 

310 

hirsuta 

403 

spiculosa 

295 

incongruens 

400,405 

spinosa 

295 

laevis 

408 

suberassa 293, 296, 297, 309, 310, 317 

marginata 

415 

tumida 

. 290,291,294,311 

monacha 

417 

umbonata 

296,310 

pellucida 

400,405 

Cuculidse 595, 590, 600, 603, 007, 611, 614. 619, 644 

pubera 

400 

Cucullaea  bowersiana 

349 

reticulata 

400 

Cuculus  coromandus 

607 

sinuata 

410 

edolius 

607 

virens 

400 

gigas : 

603 

Cyprodopsinae 

400 

glandarius 

607 

Cyprois 

400,414,416 

madagascariensis 

603 

flavata 

415 

nsevius 

644 

marginata 

400,405,415 

persa 

631 

monacha 

407 

serratus 

607 

Cyprus  fuscate 

403 

Culex  aikenii 

61 

Cypselus  comatus 

605 

chrysonotum 

• 57 

parvus 

644 

consternator 

59 

senex 

586 

daumastocampa 

58 

Cystisoma  spinosum 

490 

euminietes 

.1. Cl 

Cystisomidae 

490 

fur - 

58 

Cy  there 

400,4.9 

regulator /. 

(d 

americana 

400,420,422 

spissipcs 

58 

papillosa 

400,421 

stenolepis J.... 

(>0 

Cythereis 

stigmatosoma f 

62 

Cytheridae 

Cursor .1 

()04 

Cytheridea 

420 

Cursoriid(C  . 

604,  ()06,  635 

Dacelo 

587,659 

Cyanocitta J. 

643 

Dacnis  pulcherrinia 

616 

iiltramarina/arizona;. . , 

642 

Dagela 

604 

Cyano-sylvia /. 

C04 

hortensis 

Cyclooypndinae J. 400, 40H 

Cyclocypris J. •1()(),-10S 

forhesu 4()<) 

l.'i'-vis/ •}()(), 405, 40S 

Cyclorhync-hus  ^(piinoctialis (0.3 

Cycnus y. (04 

ferns (04 

Cyleiis (04 

Cylindroleheris 400,422 

lohianci 40J,424 

maria; 42.3 

Proc.  N.  M.  vol  XXXV — 08 47 


Dali,  Williaiu  Iloalcy,  Descriptions  and  I'i;;- 
ures  of  some  laxnd  and  Fresh-water  Shells 

from  Mexico,  believed  to  he  New 177 

Decametrocrinus 117 

rugosus 120 

Decan  tha 100,202 

borkhausenii 202 

Dcinodon  honitlus S.'’,0,359 

Dclphinornis 004 

larsenii 004 

Dendrium  huxifolium 370 


738 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Dendrobates 604 

familiaris 604 

Dendrochelidon 605 

Dendrocolaptes  erithacus 5S5 

procurvus 595,648 

Dendrocolaptidse 585, 595, 643, 648 

Dendrocecia 605 

er}^throptera 605 

Dendrotreron 605 

Dentophorus 605 

Depressada 190,200 

alienella 200 

apiella 200 

barbarella 200 

betulella 200 

cinereocostella 200 

groteella 200 

heracliana 200 

juliella 200 

maculatella , 200 

togata V 200 

Description  of  New  Fossil  Liverwort  from  the 
Fort  Union  Beds  of  Montana,  by  F.  H. 

Knowlton 157 

Descriptions  and  Figures  of  some  Land  and 
Fresh-water  Shells  from  Mexico,  believed  to 

be  New,  by  \V.  H.  Dali 177 

Descriptions  of  a New  Family  and  several 
NewGenera  and  Species.  TheAmphipoda, 
collected  by  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Fisheries 
Steamer  Albatross  off  the  West  Coast  of 
North  America,  in  1903  and  1904,  with,  by 

Samuel  J.  Holmes 489 

Descriptions  of  Eighteen  New  Species  and 
Two  New  Genera  of  Fishes  from  Japan  and 
the  Riu  Kiu  Islands,  by  John  Otterbein 

Snyder 93 

Descriptions  of  Five  Species  of  North  Amer- 
ican Fossil  Turtles,  Four  of  which  are  New, 

by  Oliver  P.  Hay 161 

Descriptions  of  Fossil  Crabs  from  California, 

by  M.  J.  Rathbun 341 

Descriptions  of  New  Genera  and  Species. 

North  American  Parasitic  Copepods:  a List 
of  those  found  upon  the  Pacific  Coast,  with, 

by  Charles  Branch  Wilson 431 

Descriptions  of  New  Genera.  New  American 
Paleozoic  Ostracoda.  Preliminary  Revi- 
sion of  the  Beyrichiidse,  with,  by  E.  O. 

Ulrich  and  Ray  S.  Bassler 277 

Descriptions  of  New  Species.  A Generic  Re- 
vision of  American  Moths  of  the  Family 

(Ecophoridse,  with,  by  August  Busck 187 

Descriptions  of  New  Species  of  North  Ameri- 
can Crambid  Moths,  by  W.  D.  Kearfott. . . 367 

Descriptions  of  some  New  Mosquitoes  from 
Tropical  America,  by  H.  G.  Dyar  and  Fred- 
erick Knab 53 

Desmosomidse 81 

Dewetia. 593,605 

Diadophis  punctatus 564 

Diatrsea  alleni 391 

diflerentialis 391 

idalis , 391 

parallela 391 

saccharalis 392 


Page. 

Dicaeid* 607,642 

Diceratornis 605 

satyms 605 

Dichelestiidae 453 

Dicranclla • 279 

Dicranura 605, 636 

Dicruridae 606 

Didelphis  Virginia 568 

virginiana 547 

Diemictylus  viridescens 557 

Dilara 605 

locustella 605 

Dilobella 279,311 

Dilophaiieus 605 

Dinopium 606 

(Picoides)  erythronotus 606 

Dinornis  struthioides 628 

Dinornithidse 028 

Dinosaurs,  with  special  Reference  to  Cerato- 
saurus  nasicornis  Marsh.  On  certain  Genera 
and  Species  of  Carnivorous,  by  Oliver  P. 

Hay 351 

Diplochelidon 606 

Diplochilus 600 

xanthochlorus 606 

Diplodocus 362 

Diplodon  websteri 181 

Diplodonta  harfordi 344 

Diplootocus 606 

Dissemuroides 606 

Dissemuropsis 606 

Dissoura 606 

Distichoptilum 713 

verrillii 682,684,713 

Dolicopterus 606 

viator 606 

Doroserarotundifoiia 419 

Dorota  albastrigilella 191 

Doryptena 102 

okinawae 102, 103 

tanegasimae 104 

Drasteria  horrida 270 

Drepanella 289,311 

ampla 312 

bigeneris 290, 312, 317 

bilateralis 313,314 

crassinoda 290, 294, 312 

nitida 312 

elongata 312 

macra 290, 294, 312 

nitida 290 

richardsoni 290,291,294 

canadensis 312 

Drepanididae 609,614,027,629 

Dromiceiidae - 598 

Dromius 606 

Drymochares 613 

Dryocolaptes 606 

major 600 

martins 606 

minor 600 

viridis 600 

Dryptosaurus  incrassatus 356,305 

Dumetella 607,018 

felivox 607 

Durrantia ...  — 197 


INDEX, 


739 


Paga 

Durrantia  obiterella 207 

piperatella 197 

Dyar,  Harrison  G.  and  Frederick  Knab.  De- 
scriptions of  some  New  Mosquitoes  from 

Tropical  America 53 

Dybowskia 612 

Dyspetornis 007 

Eafa 607 

maculata 607 

Echinarachnius  gibbsii.. 342,344 

Echinoidea 342,344,346 

Eclimatemys  rivalis 164 

Echthrogaleus  coleopratus 452 

torpedinis 451 

Edolius 607 

Egatheus 607 

Egretta 607 

Ehretia  elliptica 205 

Eido 189,192 

albapalpella 192,193 

albopalpella 193 

Eigenmarmi  and  Plagiogrammus  hopkinsi. 

Notes  on  Two  Rare  California  Fishes,  Rimi- 

cola,  by  John  Otterbein  Snyder 183 

Eighteen  New  Species  and  Two  New  Genera 
of  Fishes  from  Japan  and  the  Riu  Kiu 
Islands.  Descriptions  of,  by  John  Otter- 
bein Snyder 93 

Elainea  elegans 607 

incompta 631 

tumbezana 631 

wagae 631 

Elainopsis 607 

Elasmogorgia 717 

filiformis 683,684,717 

Emarginata 634 

Emberiza  leconteii 629 

militaris 644 

Emberizoides  marginalis 599 

melanotis 599 

Empidomis 607 

Emys  lativertebralis 166 

Enchelyurus  ater Ill 

flavipes Ill 

hepbumi , 110 

Encrinus  caput-medusae 131 

parrao 131 

Endoxocrinus 130,131 

altcrnicirrus 91,131 

parrae 87,88,89,91,131 

sibogac 131 

wywille-thomsoni 91,131 

Endrosis 190,203 

lacteella 203 

P"  nodes 607 

Entomis 309 

impressa..: 297,310 

obliqua 311 

oblonga 310 

plicaia 286,293 

sigma 311 

umbonata 296,310 

Entomophila 608 

australis 608 

Eopodoccs 608 

Eosphaeniscus  608 


Page. 

Eosphaeniscus  gunnari 608 

Epeleustia  scabella 199 

Epicallima 190,201 

argenticinctella 201 

coloradella 202 

dimidiella 202 

edithella 201 

quadrimaculella 202 

Epops 608 

upupa 608 

Eptesicus  fuscus 547,579,581 

Erebus  edusa 225 

lunata 225 

I^remopezus 608 

eocaenus 608 

Ergasilidae 433 

E rich thonius  him teri 543 

Erionetta 608 

Eriornis 608 

antarcticus 608 

E rithacus  moussieri 606 

Erpetocypris 413 

Erythromachus  leguati 622 

Erythropus 608 

gallicus 608 

Etheostoma  coeruleum 550 

Ethmia 190,205 

albistrigella 206 

albitogata 206 

apicipunctella 206 

arctostaphylella 206 

aurifluella 206 

caliginosella 206 

chambersella 207 

confusella 206 

coquilletteUa 206 

coraneUa 206 

discotrigella 206 

fuscipedella 206 

hagenella 206 

josephinella 206 

lassenella 206 

longimaculella 206 

macelhosiella 206 

marmorea 206 

mirusella 206 

monticola 206 

semilugens 206 

semiombra 206 

semitenebrella 206 

subcocrulea 206 

trifurcella 206 

obscurella 206 

umbramarginella 206 

zelleriella 206 

Eubates ros 

Eucallornis COS 

Euclemensia 190,202 

bassettella 202 

schwarziella 202 

Eudactylina  uncinata 453,476 

Eudiocrinus  granulatus 117 

indivisus 113,114^117 

japonicus 113 

varians 113 


Eudrepanis 609 


740 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Eufernaldia 385 

argenteonervella 385,380 

Eugerygone C09 

Euglandina  livida 180 

rosea 180 

Eugrotea 370 

yavapai 377 

E umeces  fasc  iatus 563 

Eumeyrickia 189,191 

trimaculeila 191 

Eumuricea 718 

pusilla 083,084,718 

Euplectes 609 

Eupoda 609 

Euptilotis 009 

Eurhynchus 609 

Eurychilina 278,298,314 

Eurycope 84 

magnispinis 84 

truncata 84.86 

Eurj’pj'lus 427 

Eurysthcus  dentatus 541 

Examples  of  American  Indian  Skulls  with 
Low  Forehead.  New,hy  Ales  Ilrdlicka.. . 171 

Ej-pathistoma 426 

Fahiola 190,202 

slialleriella 202 

Falcator 009 

Falco  bonnelli 590 

can  dicans 596 

cayennensis 021 

serpentarius 612 

FalconidcC 590, 600, 613, 639, 645 

Families  of  the  Comatulida  and  the  Penta- 
crinitidse.  The  Homologies  of  the  Arm 
Joints  and  Arm  Divisions  in  the  recent 

Crinoids  of  the,  by  A.  H.  Clark 113 

Family  and  several  New  Genera  and  Species. 

The  Amphipoda  collected  by  the  U.  S. 
Bureau  of  Fisheries  Steamer  Albatross 
off  the  AVest  Coast  of  North  America,  in 
1903  and  1904,  with  Descriptions  of  a New, 

by  Samuel  J.  Holmes 489 

Family  Gnathiidae  from  the  Atlantic  Coast 
of  North  America.  Some  New  Isopods  of 

the,  by  Harriet  Richardson 483 

Family  Hlcophoridse,  with  Descriptions  of 
New  Species.  A Generic  Revision  of 
American  Moths  of  the,  by  August  Busck. . 187 

Fanissa 609 

sylvicola 609 

Figures  of  some  Land  and  Fresh-water  Shells 
from  Mexico,  believed  to  be  New.  Descrip- 
tions and,  by  AV.  II.  Dali 177 

Finschia 609 

Fishes.  Choerodon  in  place  of  Cha-;rops  for  a 

Labroid  Genus  of,  by  Theodore  Gill 155 

Fishes  from  Japan  and  the  Riu  Kru  Islands. 
Descriptions  of  Eighteen  New  Species  and 
Two  New  Genera  of,  by ‘John  Otterbein 

Snyder 

Fishes  of  the  Pacific  Coast,  with  Descriptions 
of  New  Genera  and  Species.  North  Ameri- 
can Parasitic  Copepods:  a List  of  those 
found  upon  the,  by  Charles  Branch  AVilson. 


93 


431 


Page. 

Fishes,  Rimicola  eigemnanni  and  Plagio- 
granunus  hopkinsi.  Notes  on  Two  Rare 

California,  by  John  Otterbein  Snyder 183 

Five  Species  of  North  American  Fossil  Tur- 
tles, Four  of  which  are  New.  Descriptions 

of,  by  Oliver  P.  Hay 161 

Floricola 589 

Flying  squirrel 569 

Forehead.  New  Examples  of  American 
Indian  Skulls  with  Low,  by  Ales  Hrdlidka. . 171 

Fonnation  of  Geodes  with  Remarks  on  the 
Silicification  of  Fossils,  by  Ray  S.  Bassler. . 133 

Foimicariidae 584, 597, 605, 632, 639, 642 

Formicivora  arechavaletae 643 

genei 643 

Fort  Union  Beds  of  Montana.  Description  of 
New  Fossil  Liverwort  from  the,  by  F.  II. 

Knowlton 157 

Fossil  Crabs  from  California.  Descriptions  of, 

by  M.  J.  Rathbun 341 

Fossil  Liverwort  from  the  Fort  Union  Beds 
of  Montana.  Description  of  New,  by  F.  II. 

Knowlton 157 

Fossil  Tintles,  Four  of  which  are  New.  De- 
scriptions of  Five  Species  of  North  Ameri- 
can, by  Oliver  P.  Hay 161 

Fossils.  The  Formation  of  Geodes  with 
Remarks  on  the  Silicification  of,  by  Ray 

i S.  Bassler 133 

j Fox  squirrel 568 

I Francolinus 610 

I Fresh-water  Shells  from  Mexico,  believed  to 
} be  New.  Descriptions  and  Figures  of  some 

Land  and,  by  AAL  II.  Dali 177 

Fringilla  albicollis 614 

amandava 588 

cannabina 595 

card ue! is 584.642 

citrinella. 584 

erythrophthalraa 614 

flammea 584 

flayirostris 584 

linaria 584,642 

lulensis 642 

montifringilla 642 

ornata 598 

rosea \ 640 

spinus...A 584,642 

violacea N. 644 

Fringillidas - 584, 588, 592, 595, 596, 

985,  599,  614,  617,  618,  625,  629,  632,  638,  642 

Frugilegus 610 

Funiculina 706 

armata 682,684,706 

Funinculinidae 682,706 

Furnariidse - - - 589, 593, 611, 614, 620 

Further  Report  on  the  Ostracoda  of  the 
United  States  National  Museum,  by  R.  AV. 

Sharpe 399 

Gadus  macrocephalus 440, 475, 476 

Galbula 592,610 

Galbulidae 592,616 

Galeorhinus  zyopterus 4.53, 459, 476 

Galerita 602 

Gallirex  johnstoni 640 


INDEX. 


741 


Page, 

Gallophasis 610 

Gambo 610 

Gammarida? 1 539 

Gammaridea | 492 

Garter  snake 566 

Gasteropoda \ 342,344,346,349 

Gauria V 610 

Gavia X 610 

Gelochelidon 610 

Genera  and  Species.  North  American  Para- 
sitic Copepods:  a List  bf  those  found  upon 
the  Fishes  of  the  Pacific  Coast,  with  De- 
scriptions of  New,  by  Charles  Branch 


Wilson 431 

Genera  and  Species  of  Carnivorous  Dinosaurs, 
with  special  Reference  to  Ceratosaurus  nasi- 
"cornis  Marsh.  On  certain,  by  Oliver  P. 

Hay 351 

Genera  and  Species.  The  Amphipoda  col- 
lected by  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Fisheries 


Steamer  “Albatross”  oS  the  West  Coast  of 
North  America,  in  1903  and  1904,  with  De- 
scriptions of  a New  Family  and  several 


New,  by  Samuel  J.  Holmes 489 

Genera  Deinodon  Leidy,  Dryptosaurus  Marsh, 

and  Albertosaurus  Osborn 356 

Genera.  New  American  Paleozoic  Ostra- 
coda.  Preliminary  Revision  of  the  Bey\ 
richiidse,  with  Descriptions  of  New.  By  \ 

E.  O.  Ulrich  and  Ray  S.  Bassler 277 

Genera  of  Fishes  from  Japan  and  the  Riu  Kiu 
Islands.  Descriptions  of  Eighteen  New 
Species  and  Two  New,  by  John  Otterbein 

Snyder 93 

Generic  Names  applied  to  Birds  during  the 
Years  1901  to  1905,  inclusive,  with  further 
Additions  to  Waterhouse’s  “Index  Gen- 

erum  Avium,”  by  C.  W.  Richmond 583 

Generic  Revision  of  American  Moths  of  the 
Family  Hlcophoridae,  with  Descriptions  of 

New  Species,  by  August  Busck 187 

Generum  Avium.  Generic  Names  applied 
to  Birds  during  the  Years  1901  to  1905,  in- 
clusive, with  further  Additions  to  Water- 
house’s Index,  by  C.  W.  Richmond 583 

Genus  Homoptera  Boisduval.  A Revision  of 
some  Species  of  Noctuidae  heretofore  re- 
ferred to  the,  by  J.  B.  Smith 209 

Genus  Labrosaurus  Marsh  and  its  species 351 

Genus  of  Fishes.  Chocrodon  in  place  of  Chm- 

rops  for  a Labroid,  by  Theodore  Gill 155 

Genus  Ramphalcyon  (Pelargopsis).  A Revi- 
sion of  the  Kingfisher,  by  H.  C.  Oberholser. . 657 

Geochelidon (ilO 

Geocichla 610,611 

Geocichloides 610 

Geodes  with  Remarks  on  the  Silicification  of 
Fossils.  The  Formation  of,  by  Ray  S. 

Bassler 133 

Geo-Kichla 610 

singularis 610 

Geoa'cia  orryctera 611 

Geopega (ill 

Geophilus (ill 

jasijatere (ill 


Page. 

Georgian  bat 580 

Gerdana 189,193 

caritella 193 

Gill,  Theodore,  Chocrodon  in  place  of  Choe- 

rops  for  a Labroid  Genus  of  Fishes 155 

Gingala 611 

Giareola  coromanda 635 

madraspatana y 635 

maldivarum / 635 

Glaux .y. 611 

nudipes 611 

tengmalmi / 611 

Glycymeris 344 

veatchii 349 

Glyptops  plicatulus 161 

Gnathia 483,485 

cristata 486 

multispinis 485 

serrata 487 

Gnathiidse 483 

Gnathiidse  from  the  Atlantic  Coast  of  North 
America.  Some  New  Isopods  of  the  Fam- 
ily, by  Harriet  Richardson 483 

Gnatholepis  sindonis 101 

Gobiesox  eigenmanni 183 

muscarum 183,184 

Gobiidse 100 

Goodfellowia 611 

miranda 611 

Gorgonacea 683,714 

Gorgonia  purpurea 722 

Gorgonid® 683,722 

Gracilipes 489,526 

distincta 529 

natator 527 

Gralla 611 

Grallaria  imperator 597 

Gray  fox 575 

squirrel 569 

Green  frog 561 

triton 557 

Ground-hog 569 

snake 563 

Group  of  Beyrichia  buchiana 288 

clavata 293 

interru])ta 299 

klocdeni 287 

linnarssoni 295 

salteriana 292 

tuberculata 289 

Ctenobolbina  ciliata 310 

subcrassa 310 

Gruidac 588,626,641 

Gryphus (ill 

Gupista (ill 

barbata 611 

Gymnopus 612 

leschcnaulti 612 

Gymnothoraxchlamydatus 94 

odiosus 94 

Gypogeranidao 612 

Gypogeraaus 612 

Hicmatornis  flavlcollis 592 

Haemeria (112 

1 ficmobaphes  cyclopterina 458 


742 


INDEX, 


Page. 

Hahn,  Walter  L.  Notes  on  the  Mammals  and 
Cold-blooded  Vertebrates  of  the  Indiana 

University  Farm,  Mitchell,  Indiana 545 

Halcyon 

alcedo 612 

amauropterus 6G1 

bruniceps 669,670 

Halipteris "07 

christii "^06 

contorta 682,684,707 

Haliragoides 627 

Halisceptrum 698 

cystiferum 682, 684, 698 

Halliela 279 

Halohippus 612 

Ilaplocichla 612 

Haploniscus ^6 

bicuspis 

excisus 75 

retrospinis 77 

Hap  loops  tubicola 618 

Ilargeria 012 

Harpaleus 612 

Harpinia  affinis 522,523 

oculata 621 

plumosa 624 

Hatschekia  hippoglossi 457 

pinguis 455,477 

Hay,  Oliver  P.  Descriptions  of  Five  Species 
of  North  American  Fossil 
Turtles,  Four  of  which  are 

New 161 

On  certain  Genera  and 
Species  of  Carnivorous  Di- 
nosaurs, with  special 
Reference  to  Ceratosaurus 

nasicornis  Marsh 351 

Heliolais 612 

Heliometra  maxima 126 

tanneri 125 

Helionympha 613 

Heliophilus 613 

taunaysii 613 

Heliornithidae 634 

Ilehninthophaga 613 

Hemiprocne 613 

Ilemiprocnidse 605,613 

Hemiura 624 

Herpetocypridinse 400,  413 

Herpetocypris 400,413 

Ilesperornis  gracilis 612 

Hesperornithidse 612 

Hetereleotris  arenarius . 100 

Clara 101 

Heterodon  platirhinos 564 

Heteromesus  granulatus 82 

greeni 84 

spinescens 83 

Heteroxenicus , 613 

Hexanemus j. 613 

Hierax j 613 

islandicus 613 

peregrinus 613 

rufipes 613 


Page. 

Hierax  subbuteo 613 

tinnunculus 613 

Himatione  maculata 629 

Ilimndinidae 588, 606, 617, 620, 621, 627 

Hirundo  cinerea 627 

ducata 588 

melanoleuca 606 

Hoary  bat 581 

Iloerataria 614 

Hog-nose  snake 564 

Holaxonia 683,714 

Ilollina 309,315 

antespinosa 315 

armata 315 

cavimarginata 315 

emaciata 316^ 

granifera 315,317 

informis 315 

insolens 315 

kolmodini 312,315 

longispina 316,321 

radiata 315,316,317 

spiculosa 315 

tricollina 315 

Holmes,  Samuel  J.  The  Amphipoda  col- 
lected by  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Fisheries 
Steamer  Albatross  oil  the  West  Coast  of 
North  America  in  1903  and  1904,  with  De- 
scriptions of  a New  Family  and  several  New 

Genera  and  Species 489 

Homologies  of  the  Arm  Joints  and  Arm  Divi- 
sions in  the  recent  Crinoids  of  the  Families 
of  the  Comatulida  and  the  Pentacrinitidse, 

by  A.  H.  Clark 113 

Homoptera  albofasciata 238 

atritincta 229 

Homoptera  Boisduval.  A Revision  of  some 
Species  of  Noctuidag  heretofore  referred  to 

the  Genus,  by  J.  B.  Smith 209 

Homoptera  ealycanthata 236, 269, 270 

cinerea 271 

cingulifera 261 

duplicata 258 

edusa 225 

edusina 229 

exhausta 221 

fictilis 222 

galbanata 243 

guadulpensis 222 

horrida 270 

intenta 261 

involuta 225 

lineosa 243 

lunata 225 

minerea 238 

nigricans 231,232 

obliqua 238 

penna 241 

plenipennis 233 

putrescens 225,272 

rosse 228 

rubi 266 

salicis 228 

saundersii 225 

sexplagiata 272 


INDEX, 


743 


Page. 

Homoptera  umbripennis 231 

uniformia 269 

unilineata 245 

viridans 224 

woodii 261 

Hopkinsi.  Notes  on  Two  Rare  California 
Fishes,  Rimicola  eigenmanni  and  Plagio- 

grammus,  by  John  Otterbein  Snyder 183 

Hoplitica 194 

Iloplochelys  caelata ' 163, 164 

crassa 164 

Horizillas 614 

Hortulanus 614 

erythrophthalnius 614 

montanus 614 

cigricollis 614 

House  snake : 566 

Hrdlicka,  Ales.  New  Examples  of  American 

Indian  Skulls  with  Low  Forehead 171 

Huhus 614 

Hybognathus  nuchalis 549 

Hydrichla 614 

Hydrolagus  colliei 434, 439, 476 

Hydrolegus 614 

silvestrianus 614 

Hydropeleia 614 

Hydrornis 607 

Hyla  pickeringii 559, 562 

versicolor 559,562 

Hylacon 660 

Hylocentrites 615 

ambulator 615 

Hylodes 615 

Hylonax 615 

Hypalocrinus 129,  ISO 

naresianus / 131 

Hyperia  medularurn i 490 

Ilyperiidae 490 

Hypermegethes : 615 

Hyphantornis  badius J. 600 

dimidiatus /. 600 

grandis 615 

tricolor /. 600 

Hypocryptadius j 615 

cinnanKt^meus 615 

llypsigenys j. 155 

llypsypops  rubicundus 434,476 

lanthopsis  bovallii . . y'. 73 

Ibididaj j 607 

Ichla V 615 

Ichthyaetus y. 615 

pisciVorus 615 

Ichthyornis  disp^ 600 

Ichthyornithidao. 600 

Ichtyopteryx..  / 615 

gracilis 615 

Icteridae I. 584,637,647 

Ictinus 615 

milvus 615 

Idiocichla 615 

Idiococcyx 616 

Idiotriccus 616 

Ilyocypris 400,410 

bradyi 400,410,411 


Page. 

Ilyocypris  gibba 400, 410, 411, 412 

Ilyodromus 400,413 

pectinatus. . . .' 400, 413 

“Index  Generum  Avium.’’  Generic  Names 
applied  to  Birds  during  the  Years  1901  to 
1905,  inclusive,  with  further  Additions  to 

Waterhouse’s,  by  C.  W.  Richmond 583 

Indian  Skulls  with  Low  Forehead.  New  Ex- 
amples of  American,  by  i^les  Hrdlicka 171 

Indiana  University  Farm,  Mitchell,  Indi- 
ana. Notes  on  the  Mammals  and  Cold- 
blooded Vertebrates  of  the,  by  Walter  L. 

Hahn 545 

Indicatoridae 636 

Inga 190,200 

sparsiciliella 200, 201 

Inoceramus  subundatus : 349 

Inusia 395 

antillarum 395 

lolanthe  acanthonotus 73 

decorata 73 

lolella 71,73 

glabra 71 

spinosa 72 

Iridophanes 616 

Ischnomesus 81 

Ischnosoma 81 

bacilloides ...  81 

bacillus 81 

bispi  nosum 81 

greeni 81 

quadrispinosum 81 

spinosum 81 

thomsoni 81 

Isocrinus 115,129 

alternicirrus 126,128,129 

asteria 127,128,129 

biakei 127, 128 

(Cenocrinus)  asteria 131 

■ decorus 87,88,91,127,128,129,130 

(Isocrinus)  biakei 131 

decorus 131 

naresianus 126 

parrac 126,128,129 

^ pendulus 131 

sibogae 126,128,129 

wy  ville-thomsoni 126, 128, 129 

Isopoda  of  the  Superfaniily  Aselloidea  from 
the  Atlantic  Coast  of  North  America.  Some 

New,  by  Harriet  Richardson 71 

Isopods  of  the  Family  Gnathiidae  from  the 
Atlantic  Coast  of  North  America.  Some 

New,  by  Harriet  Richardson 483 

Isotremornis 616 

nordenskjoldi 616 

Ixobrychus 616 

Jacamerops 616 

Jacanidic 622 

Janirella 77 

lobata 78 

nanseni 77,79 

JaniridiP < 71,77 

Janthinosoma  all)ipes 57 

lutzii 57 


744 


INDEX, 


Pag-e. 

Japan  and  the  Riu  Kin  Islands.  Descrip- 
tions of  Eighteen  New  Species  and  Two 
New  Genera  of  Fishes  from,  by  John  Otter- 


bein  Snyder \ 93 

Jefferson  salamander  . . X 550 

Joints  and  Ann  Divisions  in  the  recent  Cri- 
noids  of  the  Families  of  the  Comatulida  and 
the  Pentacrinitidff'.  The  Homologies  of 

the  Ann,  by  A.  H.  Clark 113 

Jonesella 278 

Jonesina 320,324 

arcuata 324 

bolliafonnis 325 

brad  y ana 324 

craterigera 324,325 

fastigiata 324 

fodicata 324 

Kasnakowia 61C 

koslowi 616 

Kaznakowia 616 

Kearfott,  William  Dunham.  Descriptions 
of  New  Species  of  North  American  Crambid 

Moths 367 

Kelea 616 

Kenopia 617 

Kermes 188 

Kingfisher  Genus  Ramphalcyon  (Pelargop- 
sis).  A Revision  of  the,  by  II.  C.  01)cr- 

holser 657 

Kirkbya  annectens 322 

Kirkbyina 320,322 

Kloedenella 317 

clarkei 319,320 

halli 319 

pennsylvanica 318,319 

Kloedenellinae 317 

Kloedenia 277,312,317 

apiculata 301 

centricornis 301 

concinna 301 

fimbriata 301 

granulata 301 

initialis 301 

intermedia 301 

marginata 301 

jerseyensis 301 

manliensis  deckerensis 301 

marginalis 301 

montaguensis 301 

nearpassi 301 

oculina 301 

parasitica , 301 

praenuntia ' 301 

punctillosa 301 

simplex / 302 

smocki ./. 302 

tuberculata / 302 

turgida 1 318 

wallpackensis / 302 

wilckensiana 302 

plicata 302 

Knab.  Frederick  and  Harrison  G.  Dyar. 
Descriptions  of  some  New  Mosquitoes  from 
Tropical  America 53 


I Page. 

I Knipolegus  hudsoni 631 

j Knowlton,  Frank  Hall.  Description  of  New 
i Fossil  Liverwort  from  the  Fort  Union  Beds 

j of  Montana 157 

I Koroga 502 

megalops 502,503 

Koslowia 617 

Krimnochelidon 617 

Kyammodes 320 

Labroid  Genus  of  Fishes.  Chocrodon  in  place 

of  Choorops  for  a,  by  Theodore  Gill 155 

Labrosaurus 351 

ferox 352,353 

fragilis 3.52 

lucaris 351,352 

sulcatus 352,353 

Labrus  macrodontus 155, 156 

Laelaps  incrassatus 356 

Dakota 498 

carinata 498 

Lamprochelidon 617 

Lampronotus 617 

auratus 617 

Lampropeltis  doliatus  triangulus 560 

Lamprophonus 017 

musicus 617 

turdus 617 

variegatus 617 

viscicorus 617 

Lamprotornis 007 

Lampsilis  explicata. i 181 

(Proptera)  salinasensis 181 

Land  and  Fresh-water  Shells  from  Mexico,  be- 
lieved to  be  New.  Descriptions  and  Figures 

of  some,  by  W.  II.  Dali 177 

Laniellus 017 

Laniidae 593, 603 

Lanius  cayanus 628 

superbus 593 

Large-winged  bat 580 

Laridse.. 598,614,622 

Larus  canus 010 

minutus 610 

ridibundus 610 

rissa 610 

Lasiurus  borealis 547,581 

cinereus... 547,581 

Leonardia  617 

woodi 617 

Leonardina 617 

Leopard  frog , 501 

Lepeoptheirus  bifurcatus 440 

brachyurus 441,477 

constrictus, 443,477 

insignis ! 444 

longipes 440, 477 

nordmannii . 439, 477 

pacificus - 440,477 

parviventris \. 476, 477 

salmonis X 440,477 

thompsoni 5 441 

Leperditia A 280 

Lepidaplois  loxozonus 95 

inacrurus 95 

mirabilis 96 

Lepidopsetta  bilineata 476 


INDEX. 


745 


Page. 

Leptocephalidse 83 

Leptocephalus  flavirostris 93 

Leptogorgia 721, 722, 724 

caryi 683,684,723 

flor® 683,684,722 

purpurea 683,684,722 

Leptotriccus  sylviolus 632 

Lernseenicus  mendusaeus 458 

Lerngeopoda  beani 470,  477 

bicauliculata 472,477 

californiensis 475,477 

extumescens 475, 476 

falculata 473,477 

gibber 469,471,477 

Lernaeopodidse 464 

Lerneidae 458 

Lesticocarnpa  schedocyclia 64 

Leucophrya 617 

Leucosticte  reborowskii 617 

Liljeborgia  brevicornis 526 

Liljeborgiidae 526 

Limicolae 626 

Limnophylax 618 

marmorata 618 

Linaria  pusilla 640 

Linophaga 618 

canescens 618 

montium 618 

rubra 618 

Lithosteornis 618 

Little  brown  bat 579. 581 

Liverwort  from  the  Fort  Union  Beds  of  Mon- 
tana. Description  of  New  Fossil  by  F.  H. 

Knowlton 157 

Loborhamphus 618 

nobilis 618 

Loncornis 618 

erectus 618 

Long-tailed  triton 555 

Longirostris 618 

Low  Forehead.  New  Exampl,i^s  of  American 

Indian  Skulls  with,  by  Ale^TIrdlieka 171 

Loxia  fuliginosa /. 6.38 

orix j. 609 

rubicilla >. 640 

Loxorhynchus / 341 

grand  is. ./ 341 , 342, 343 

Loxorynchus 618 

albipennis 618 

curvirostra 618 

grandifi 342 

Lucar /. 618 

Lunatia 349 

Luscinia ■ 619 

icdon.,. 619 

megarhynchos 619 

Lutreola  vison 576 

Lycodontis  mordax 476 

Lysianassa 503 

Lysianassidse 492 

Lysianella 505 

Macao 619 

splendidus 619 

Machimia 194 

Macoma  nasuta 342 


Page 

Macrocephalon 619 

maleo 619 

Macronectes 619 

Macronyx  tenellus 597 

Macropus 619 

caixana 619 

phasianellus 611,619 

Macrorhamphus. 618 

Mactra  stantoni 349 

M sera  dub  i a 539 

spinicauda 539 

Malacodus. 619 

Malacopteron 614 

Malacorhamphus 619 

araucanus 019 

Malacurus 619 

Malaysian  Basketwork;  A Study  in  the  W.  L. 
Abbott  Collections.  Vocabulary  of,  by 

Otis  T.  Mason 1 

Malimbus  nigricollis 620 

Malurus  galactotes 621 

Mammals 567 

Mammals  and  Cold-blooded  Vertebrates  of 
the  Indiana  University  Farm,  Mitchell, 
Indiana.  Notes  on  the,  by  Walter  L. 

Hahn 545 

Mancalla 619 

californiensis 019 

Manguinhosia 53 

Marchantia  pealei 157 

polymorpha 157,158,159 

sezannensis 158,159 

Marchantites  erectus 158 

Margaritella 349 

Maria 619 

MacGregoria 619 

Maridus 619 

Marila 019 

Marmota  monax 5(>9 

Marsh.  On  certain  Genera  and  Species  of 
Carnivorous  Dinosaurs,  with  special  Refer- 
ence to  Ceratosaurus  nasicornis,  by  Oliver 

P.  Hay 351 

Martula 619 

Martyringa 189,190 

latipennis 190 

Mason,  Otis  T.,  Vocabulary  of  Malaj'sian 
Basketwork:  A Study  in  the  W.  L.  Abbott 

Collections i 

Megacephalus 620 

bitorquatus 620 

Megalorhamphus 620 

asiaticus 620 

Megapod  (I  c 619 

Megax(mops 620 

Melanhyphantes 620 

Melaniparus  semilarvatus 630 

Melanocoryphatorquata 595 

Melanoleuca 620 

pica 620 

Melanonyx 620 

Melanopteryx 621 

Meleagris 637,641 

satyra 641 

Menyanthes  trifoliata 418 


746 


INDEX, 


Pago. 

Mephitis  putida 576 

Mergus  octosetaceus 635 

Merion : 621 

Merula ' 621 

Mesolia 370 

baboquivariella 374 

huachucaella 374 

oraculella 370,373 

Prionapteryx 375 

Metacrinus 87, 114, 115, 128, 129, 130 

acutus 130 

angulatus 130 

cingulatus 130 

costatus 130 

mosleyi 130 

murrayi 130 

var.  nobilis 130 

timorensis 130 

nodosus 130 

rotundus 88, 89, 91, 130 

var.  interruptus 130 

serratus 130 

stewarti 130 

suluensis 130 

superbus 130 

var.  tuberculatus 130 

tuberosus 130 

varians 130 

wyvillii 130 

Metancylomis 621 

Metis 346 

Metopa  pacifica 524 

Metopidge 524 

Mexico,  believed  to  be  New.  Descriptions 
and  Figures  of  some  Land  and  Fresh-water 

Shells  from,  by  W.  II.  Dali 177 

Micraetus 621 

holmbergianus 621 

Micripodidse 585,586,594,644 

M icr  ochel  i don 621 

Microgoura 621 

meeki 621 

Microgouridse 621 

Microlyssa 621 

Microparra 622 

.Micropsites 622 

pygmseus 622 

Microtriccus 622 

Microrrogon 622 

fulvescens 622 

galbuloides 622 

Miorotus  ochrogaster 547, 568, 571, 572 

pennsylvanicus 568, 572 

pinetorum 572,577 

auricularis 572 

Microura  superciliaris 637 

Milk  snake 566 

Mimidae 607,618 

Mink 1 576 

Minytrema  melanops 549 

Mirafra  phoenicuroides 588 

Misamichus 622 

pallasii 622 

Misery  thrus 622 

leguati 622 

Missouri  skull 173 


Page. 

Mitclrell,  Indiana.  Notes  on  the  Mammals 
and  Cold-blooded  Vertebrates  of  the  Indiana 

University  Farm,  by  Valter  L.  Hahn 545 

Mniotiltidge 599,625,638 

Molamola 439,444,477 

Mole  mouse 572 

Monadon 622 

Moriias 622 

benschi (>22 

Monoculus 416 

fuscatus 403 

Montana.  Description  of  New  Fossil  Liver- 
wort from  the  Fort  Union  Beds  of,  by  F.  II. 

Knowlton 157 

Morphnaetos 622 

Moscha 623 

carunculata 623 

Mosquitoes  from  Tropical  America.  De- 
scriptions of  some  New,  by  II.  G.  Dyar  and 

Frederick  Knab 53 

Motacilla  acred  ula 639 

aestiva 599 

dominica... 625 

ficedula 643 

indica 594,625 

minuta 633 

modularis 613 

nisoria 632 

phoenicurus 613, 631, 639 

regulus 613 

rubecula 613,631 

rufa 613,643 

salicaria 613 

schoenobaena 646 

sibilatrix 639, 643 

suecica 604,613,631 

titys 613,631 

trochilus 643 

troglodytes 613, 624, 627 

Motacillidae 594,597,625,629,641 

Moths.  Descriptions  of  New  Species  of  North 

American  Crambid,  by  W.  D.  Kearfott 367 

Moths  of  the  Family  (Ecophoridae,  with  De- 
scriptions of  New  Species.  A Generic  Re- 
vision of  American,  by  August  Busck 187 

Mulinia  densata 344 

Mulleria 594 

Munna 79 

fabricii 80,81 

kroyeri 81 

truncata 79 

Munnidae 79 

Munnopsidae 84 

Muraenidae 94 

Muriceidae 683,717 

Muricella 717 

complanata 683,684,717 

Muscaccipiter 923 

Muscadivores 923 

Muscicapa  atricapilla 943 

carolinensis 918 

gaimardi 907 

latirostris 591 

obsoleta 938 

riisi 927 


semipartita 607 


INDEX. 


747 


Page. 

Muscicapa  sulphurea 647 

Muscicapidse 590, 

591, 599, 601, 607, 609,  623, 624, 627, 629, 640, 643 

Muscicula ^ 623 

Muscipeta 616 

Musophagidee 623,631,640 

Musovora 623 

Myiagrus  lineatus 597 

Myiarchus  validus 615 

Myiobius  capi tails 590 

fulvigularis ; C45 

Myiophthorus 623 

morenoanus 623 

Myiornis 623 

Myiothera  calcarata 615 

maculata 632 

nematura 614 

rufimarginata 605 

umbretta 611 

Myiotheras ’ 623 

griseus 623 

luctuosus 623 

Myiotriccus 623 

Myopornis 624 

Myothera  lepidocephala 624 

Myotis  lucifugus 547, 578, 579, 580 

subulatus 578,579 

velifer 547,580 

Mystacinus  russicus 593 

Myzomyia  lutzii 53 

Myzorhynchella  lutzii 53 

Nannobrachiuin  leucopsarum 458 

Nannorchilus 624 

Nannus 624 

Napothera 624 

Nasicornis  Marsh.  On  certain  Genera  and 
Species  of  Carnivorous  Dinosaurs,  with 
special  Reference  to  Ceratosaurus,  by 

Oliver  P.  Hay J. 351 

Nassa  californiana /. 342,344 

Natrix  sipedon ./ 547, 566 

Nea J. 624 

Nectarinia  chrysogenys ^ 590 

hartlaubi 589 

thomensis J 589 

Nectariniidae /. 589, 590,  (i09, 613 

Necturus  niaculosus. . 550 

Neculus / 624 

rothi 624 

Nemoricola : 625 

nipalenSis 625 

Neodendroica 625 

Neorniinius / 625 

Neopleustes  asslmilis 533 

bairdi 533 

brevicornis 532 

oculatus 531 

Neositta 625 

Neospiza 625 

Neothraupis 625 

Neotropical  Orthoptera  of  the  Family  Acri- 
didae.  Two  New  Species  of,  by  Janies  A.  G. 

Rehn 395 

Nesippus  borealis 453 

curticaudis 453 

Nesobates 625 


Page. 

Nesocharis 626 

shelleyi 626 

Neverita  recluziana 342 

New  American  Paleozoic  Ostracoda,  Pre- 
liminary Revision  of  the  Beyrichiidae,  with 
Descriptions  of  New  Genera,  by  E.  0. 

Ulrich  and  Ray  S.  Bassler 277 

New.  Descriptions  and  Figures  of  some  Land 
and  Fresh-water  Shells  from  Mexico,  be- 
lieved to  be,  by  W.  H.  Dali 177 

New.  Descriptions  of  Five  Species  of  North 
American  Fossil  Turtles,  Four  of  which  are, 

by  Olivier  P.  Hay 161 

New  Examples  of  American  Indian  Skulls 

with  Low  Forehead,  by  Ales  Hrdlicka 171 

New  Family  and  several  New  Genera  and 
Species.  The  Amphipoda  collected  by  the 
U.  S.  Bureau  of  Fisheries  Steamer  “Albar 
tross,”  off  the  West  Coast  of  North  America, 
in  1903  and  1904,  with  Descriptions  of  a,  by 

Samuel  J.  Holmes 489 

New  Fossil  Liverwort,  from  the  Fort  Union 
Beds  of  Montana.  Description  of,  by 

F.  H.  Knowlton 157 

New  Genera  and  Species.  North  American 
Parasitic  Copepods;  a List  of  those  found 
upon  the  Fishes  of  the  Pacific  Coast,  with 
Descriptions  of,  by  Charles  Branch  Wilson.  431 
New  Genera  of  Fishes  from  Japan  and  the 
Riu  Kiu  Islands.  Descriptions  of  Eight- 
een New  Species  and  Two,  by  John  Otter- 

bein  Snyder 93 

New  Genera.  New  American  Paleozoic 
Ostracoda.  Preliminary  Revision  of  the 
Beyrichiidae,  with  Descriptions  of,  ay  E.  O. 

Ulrich  and  Ray  S.  Bassler 277 

New  Isopoda  of  the  Superfamily  Aselloidea 
from  the  Atlantic  Coast  of  North  America. 

Some,  by  Harriet  Richardson 71 

New  Isopods  of  the  Family  Gnathiidae  from 
the  Atlantic  Coast  of  North  America,  by 

Harriet  Richardson 483 

New  Mosquitoes  from  Tropical  America. 
Descriptions  of  some,  by  H.  G.  Dyar  and 

Frederick  Knab 53 

New  Species.  A Generic  Revision  of  Amer- 
ican Moths  of  the  Family  (Ecophorida*, 

with  Descriptions  of,  by  August  Busck 187 

New  Species  and  Two  New  Genera  of  Fishes 
from  Japan  and  the  Riu  Kiu  Islands.  De- 
scriptions of  Eighteen,  by  John  Otterbein 

Snyder 93 

New  Species  of  Neotropical  Orthoptera  of  the 
Family  Acrididai.  Two,  by  Janies  A.  G. 

Rehn 395 

New  Species  of  North  American  Crambid 
Moths.  Descriptions  of,  by  W.  D.  Kear- 

fott 3()7 

Newnhaniia  patagonica 417 

Newt 557 

Nicippe  tumida 526 

Nigrita  arnaudi 637 

Noctuaedusa 225 

lunata 22.5,272 

squammularis 253 

undularis 231 


748 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Noctuidse  heretofore  referred  to  the  Genus 
Ilomoptera  Boisduval.  A Revision  of 

some  Species  of,  by  J.  B.  Smith 209 

North  America,  in  1903  and  1904,  with  De- 
scriptions of  a New  Family  and  several 
New  Genera  and  Species.  The  Amphipoda 
collected  by  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Fisheries 
Steamer  ‘^Albatross”  off  the  West  Coast  of. 


by  Samuel  J.  Holmes 489 

North  America.  Some  New  Isopoda  of  the 
Superfamily  Aselloidea  from  the  Atlantic 

Coast  of,  by  Harriet  Richardson 71 

North  America.  Some  New  Isopods  of  the 
Family  Gnathiidse  from  the  Atlantic  Coast 
of,  by  Harriet  Richardson 483 


North  American  Crarnbid  Moths.  Descrip- 
tions of  New  Species  of,  by  W.  D.  Kearfott  367 
North  American  Fossil  Turtles,  Four  of  which 
are  New.  Descriptions  of  Five  Species  of, 

by  Oliver  P.  Hay 161 

North  American  Parasitic  Copepods:  a List 
of  those  found  upon  the  Fishes  of  the  Pacific 
Coast,  with  Descriptions  of  New  Genera 
and  Species.  By  Charles  Branch  Wilson..  431 


Note  on  Antrodemus  Leidy 353 

Notes  on  the  Mammals  and  Cold-blooded 
Vertebrates  of  the  Indiana  University 
Fami,  Mitchell,  Indiana,  by  Walter  L. 

Hahn 545 

Notes  on  Two  Rare  California  Fishes,  Rimi- 
cola  eigenmanni  and  Plagiogrammus  hop- 

kinsl,  by  John  Otterbein  Snyder 183  . 

Notiocichla 626 

Notiospiza 626 

Notodromadinae 400,414 

N otodromas 400, 414, 416 

entzi 417 

fuscatus 417 

madaraszi 417 

monacha 400, 405, 417 

oculatus /.  417 

Notropis  whipplei 549 

N ucula  truncata 349 

Numenius  pusillus 633 

Numida L 026 

Numidica 626 

Nutting,  Charles  C.  Alcyonaria  of  the  Cali- 
fornian Coast 681 

Nyctagreus 620 

Nyctala 604 

Nycticorax  limnophylax 618 

Nyctimene 626 

fiammula 626 

stridula 626 

Nyctomis 626 

Nymphaea , 418 

Nystactes a 626 

Oberholser,  Harry  C.  A I^'evision  of  the 
Kingfisher  Genus  Ramp)ialcyon  (Pelar- 

gopsis) -/. 657 

Observations  on  the  Skull  of  Ceratosaurus 

nasicomis  Marsh 359 

Ocyplanus 626 

proeses - 626 

Ocypodidse 346 

Odontophorus 605 


Page. 

Odontospiza 027 

CEcophora 190 

sulphurella 203 

(Ecophoridse,  with  Descriptions  of  New  Spe- 
cies. A Generic  Revision  of  .Vmerican 

Moths  of  theFamily,by  August  Busck 187 

OEdicnemidse 633 

Olbiorchilus 027 

On  certain  Genera  and  Species  of  Carnivorous 
Dinosaurs,  with  special  Reference  to  Cera- 
tosaurus nasicomis  Marsh,  by  Oliver  P. 

Hay 351 

Oncorhynchus  gorbuscha 441,477 

kisutch 432 

nerka 440,473,477 

tschawy tscha 439, 441 , 470, 477 

Onisimus 502 

Opimia 459 

exilis 459 

gracilis 476 

Opossum 508 

Orchilus 627 

cristatus 627 

Orchomenella  afiinis 492 

groenlandica 494 

minuta 494 

nanus 493 

I)inguis 494 

Oregon  skull 171 

Oreias 627 

Oreomyias 627 

Oreomystis 627 

Oreomyza 627 

Oreoscopus 627 

Orientation  of  the  valves 280 

Oriolidse 598,610 

Oriolus  caudacutus 588 

flavus 647 

galbula 610 

Or  tes 627 

Ornithomimus  velox 357 

Orochelidon 627 

Orodynastes ' 627 

Orthoceras 134 

Orthoptera  of  the  Family  Acrididse.  Two 
New  Species  of  Neotropical,  by  James  A. 

G.  Rehn 395 

Ortyx 628 

Ossifraga.... 619,628 

albicilla 628 

Osteornis 618 

Ostracoda  of  the  United  States  National  Mu- 
seum. A further  Report  on  the,  by  R.  W. 

Sharpe 399 

Ostracoda.  Preliminary  Revision  of  the 
Beyrichiidse,  with  Descriptions  'of  New 
Genera.  New  American  Paleozoic,  By 

E.  O.  Ulrich  and  Ray  S.  Bassler 277 

Ostrea  brewerii 349 

Oticulus 628 

Otldidse 628 

Otis  bengalensis 628 

Otus 628 

bakkamoena 628 

Owenia 628 

Oxylabes 625 


INDEX. 


749 


Page. 

Oxyporus 628 

Pachypteryx 628 

grandis 628 

Pachyrhynchus 628 

melanocephalus 628 

Pacific  Coast,  with  Descriptions  of  New 

Genera  and  Species.  North  American 

Parasitic  Copepods;  a List  of  those  found 
upon  the  Fishes  of  the,  by  Charles  Branch 

Wilson 4.81 

Palseoapterodytes 590, 629 

PalcEonornis 629 

Palseospheniscus  bergi 629 

Palamedea  cristata 612 

Palamedeidse 597 

Paleozoic  Ostracoda.  Preliminary  Revision 
of  the  Beyrichiidae,  with  Descriptions  of 
New  Genera.  New  American,  by  E.  O. 

Ulrich  and  Ray  S.  Bassler 277 

Palicus 348 

Pandarinae 450 

Pandarus  cranchii 453,476 

Pandionidse 615 

Panopea  concentrica 349 

generosa 344 

Paracandona 400,402 

(Candona)  euplectella 402 

euplectella 400,402 

Paradisseidae 618,619 

Paradoxornis  heudei 595 

Paralabrax  maculato-fasciatus 443, 477 

Paramphthoe 533 

Paraphoxus  oculatus ,521 

robustus '518 

spinosus ' 521 

Paraptenodytes  curtus , . 621 

grandis , . . 591 

Parasitic  Copepods:  A List  of  those  found  upon 
the.  Fishes  of  the  Pacific  Coast,  with''  De- 
scriptions of  New  Genera  and  Species. 

North  American.  By  Charles  Brai^h  Wil- 
son  A 


r 


Paraspheniscus 

Parcorseus 

narbonensis 

Pardaliscidse 

Pardalotus  pipra : 

Paridae. ...  585, 586, 593, 595,  Q69,  627, 629. 631, 634, 

Parisoma  galinieri /. 

olivascens ' 

Parophasma / 

Paroreomyza / 

Parra  capensis.. 

Parthenopidae. . 

Parus  aureola. . 

biannicus / 58/ 

caudatus. 

cela 

fringillarius 

novae  seelandiac 

palustris 

penculinus 638, 

Passer  arnmodendri 

Passerherbulus 588, 

Paulomagus 

Pavo  bicalcaratus 


431 

629 

629 

629 

526 

613 

f)38 

629 

590 

629 

('.29 

622 

344 

633 
617 
627 
644 
.586 
609 
631 
643 
.5/8 
629 
629 

634 


Page. 

Pavonaria  californica 705 

Pecten  andersoni 346 

coalingaensis 342 

crassicardo 346 

nutteri 342 

wattsi 342 

Pecula 629 

Pelargopsis:  A Revision  of  the  Kingfisher 
Genus  Ramphalcyon,  by  II.  C.  Oberholser.  657 

Pelargopsis 659 

burmanica 670 

dichrorhyncha 663 

floresiana.. 679 

fraseri 663 

gigantea 668 

gouldi 667 

intermedia 666 

malaccensis 678 

melanorhyncha  eutreptorhyncha  663 

sasak 679,680 

simalurensis 671 

Pelargos 629 

niger 629 

Pelasgia 630 

Pelecanidee 604 

Pelecanus  bassanus 633 

Pelecypoda 342,344,346,349 

Pelecyrhynchus 630 

leucogaster 630 

Pendulinus 630 

polonicus 630 

Penguina 630 

Pennatula 688 

aculeata 682,684,688 

Pennatulacea 682,688 

Pennatulidse 682,688 

Pentacrinitidae:  The  Axial  Canals  of  the 

recent,  by  A.  H.  Clark 87 

The  Homologies  of  the  Arm 
Joints  and  Arm  Divisions 
in  the  recent  Crinoids  of 
the  Families  of  the  Coma- 
tulida  and  the,  by  A.  II. 

Clark 113 

Pentacrinus  maclearanus 131 

mulleri 87,126,131 

naresianus 130 

Pentametrocrinidae 117 

Penthestes 630 

Penthornis 630 

Perenopterus 630 

Perenopterus 630 

Periophthalmus 104 

Porispheniscus 6.30 

wimani 6.30 

Perissitos  wardii 1.58 

Porissolax  brevirostris .349 

Perissotriccus 631 

Poromyscus  leucopus 547,573 

michiganensis .568 

Porsa 631 

turaco 631 

Petacula 631 

canicularia 631 

Pctrochclidon  murina 627 

tibialis 621 


750 


INDEX, 


Page. 

Phacoides  acutilineatus 345 

Phaeca 631 

nilssoni 631 

Phaenorhina 631 

Phaeocyma  aeruginosa 233,272 

albofasciata 272 

atritincta 272 

benesignata 273 

bethunei 260,273 

calycanthata 269,273 

cinerea 273 

cingulifera 261,273 

Colorado 263,273 

curema 250,273 

duplicata 258,273 

edusa 272 

edusina 229,272 

exhausta 221,272 

flctilis 222,272 

galbanata 273 

helata 252,273 

horrida 270,273 

insuda 234,272 

intenta 273 

involuta 272 

largera 257,273 

lineosa 1 243,273 

lunata 225,272 

lunifera 241,243,261,272,273 

metata 248,273 

miner, ea 238,272 

nigricans 272 

norda 236,272 

obliqua 247,272,273 

penna 241,272 

plenipennis 272 

putrescens 272 

rosae 272 

rubi 266,273 

riibiata 265,273 

salicis 228,272 

saundersii 272 

squammularis 253,273 

undularis 231,272 

var.  umbripennis 272 

uniformis 273 

unilineata 245,273 

viridans 224,272 

woodii 273 

yavapai 267,273 

Phseomyias - 631 

Pbaeopharas 631 

Phaeotriccus 631 

Phalacrocoracidae 605, 647 

Phalacrocorax  dilophus. . 605 

Phalaena  calycanthata.  .J. 269 

Phalaenivora , J. 631 

Phalaropodidae ./ 588 

Phanogenia / 123 

alata 124,126 

alternans 124 

belli 124 

bennetti 124 

briareus 124 

carpenter! 124 

divaricata 124 


Page. 

Phanogenia  duplex 124 

echinoptera 124 

elongata 124 

gracilis 124 

grandicalyx 124 

japonica 124 

littoralis 124 

macrobrachius 124 

inaeulata 124 

magnifica 124 

meridionalis 124 

nobilis 124 

novse-guinese 124 

orientalis 124 

parvicirra 124 

peronii 124 

quadrata 124 

regalis 124 

robustipinna 124 

rotalaria 124 

rubiginosa 124 

schlegelii 124 

serrata 124 

stelligera 124 

trichoptera 124 

typica 124 

valida 124 

variabilis 124 

Phasianalector 632 

macartney! 632 

Phasianidae 587, 

591, 594, 605, 610, 632, 633, 634, 637, 641 

Phasianus  argus 591 

gallus 587 

meleagris 626 

Ph!l)alura  flavirostris 636 

Philomedes 401,427 

brenda 401,426 

Philydra 632 

Phoenicophaus 596 

Phoenicopteridae 646 

Pholadomya  subelongata 349 

PhoUdauges  femoraUs 591 

Phoniomyia 69 

simms! 65 

Phormoplectes 632 

Phororhacidas 642 

Photidae 541 

Photis  reinhard! 543 

Phoxocephahdae 518 

Phragmites 632 

arundinacea 632 

locustella 632 

saUcaria 632 

Phrixocephalus 461 

cmcmnatus 461,476 

Phronima  sedentaria <90 

Phronimidae 490 

Phry  gilus - - - 632 

enucleator 632 

vulgaris 632 

Phyllastrephus  leucoplsurus 645 

scandens 636 

Phyllobates 632 

ery  thronotus 632 

Phyllomyias  subviridis. 585 


INDEX. 


751 


Page. 

Phyllooecia 632 

cliloroleuca 632 

Picidse 599,603,606 

Pickering  tree-frog 559 

Picuscafer 636 

(Ctuysoptilopicus)  smithii 599 

varius 600 

Pimelometopon  pulcher 441,477 

Pimephales  notatus 549 

Pinarocorys 632 

Pine-tree  lizard \ 563 

Pine  vole \ 572 

Pinna  calamitoides ; 349 

Pintado \ 633 

numida 633 

Pipistrellus  subflavus 547, 580 

Pipra 633 

deliciosa 587 

leucocephala 633 

leucocilla 633 

punctata 642 

Pipridse 587,633,641, 

Piranga  azarae 606 

cyanictera 625 

Pisania  aff.  fortis 344 

Pisobia 633 

Pitangus  taylori 646 

Placentula 277 

Placopharynx  duquesnii 549 

Placostomus 633 

Plagiogranunus  hopkinsi 183, 185 

Plagiogrammus  hopkinsi.  Notes  on  Two 
Rare  California  lishes,  Rimicola  cigen- 

manniand,  by  John  Otterbein  Snyder 183 

Plagiolophus  vancouverensis 341,346 

Plancus 633 

maior 633 

Planorhamphus 633 

Platyrhainphus / 633 

Platyrhynchus  cancroma ■. j 633 

polychroptcrus 60 

superciliaris 633 

Platystrophia  lynx ^. . . . 134 

Platy  triccus /. 633 

Plectrophanes / 634 

Plethodon  aencus /. 555 

cinereus  1 553,555 

glutinosus J. 553 

Pleurogrammus  inonopterygius . . / 439, 440, 447 

Pleurota / 189,190 

bicostella /. 191 

Pleustidaj 531 

Plexauridac 683, 719 

Ploceidae 588, 589, 598, 600, 

609, 615, 621, 025',  626,  (527,  (532, 637, 638, 643 

Ploceus  castan(!ofuscus . . 600 

nigerrinius yl 621 

rubiginosus T 600 

Plotoides ^ 634 

surinamensis 634 

Pluinarclla 715 

longispina (583,(584  , 7 1 6 

Podoceropsis  nitida 543 

Podoces  biddulphi 60S 

hcndersoni 60S 

huinilis 637 


Page. 

Poecile  superciliosa -.  634 

Poeciloides 634 

Pogoniulus 634 

Pogonomis 634 

Pogonotriccus  zeledoni 616 

Poliocichla 634 

Poliolais 634 

helenorae 634 

Polyplectron 634 

argus 634 

Pomarinus 635 

fuscus 635 

Poneropsar 635 

Potamocypris 400 

smaragdina 400 

Potamolegus 635 

superciliaris 635 

furvicollis 635 

magniplumis 635 

Potentilla  palustre 418 

Prairie  cottontail 574 

meadow  mouse 57 

Pratincola 635 

Preliminary  Revision  of  the  Beyrichiidae, 
with  Descriptions  of  New  Genera.  New 
American  Paleozoic  Ostracoda.  By  E.  O. 

Ulrich  and  Ray  S.  Bassler 277 

Preoneornis 635 

roridus 635 

Primitia.. 277,278,313 

Primitiella 279 

Primnoidae 683,714 

Pringa  minuta 633 

Prionapteryx 370 

baboquivariella 374 

nebulifera 370, 376 

serpentella 376 

Stephens 369 

Prionochilus 635 

brasiliensis 635 

Probateus 636 

roseus 583,(536 

Procellaria  glacialis 612 

pelagica 648 

Procellariidae 648 

Procniatidae 598 

Proctolabus 396 

bullatus 396 

pulchripcnnis 39(5 

Prodotes 636 

Promo])icus 63(5 

Pro})aroides (53(5 

Prosphorocichla 63(5 

Prosopolepis  jocosa 64 

Protoi)tilidae (582,713 

Pnmcllidac 590 

Psalidoramplios 589,  (536 

Psaliurus (505,(53(5 

acevalianus 63(5 

Psammogorgia 719 

arbuscula (583,(584  , 7 1 9 

simi)Iex (583,(584  , 720 

spaiildingi 683,684,721 

torreyi (583,684,721 

Psar 636 

variegatus 636 


752 


INDEX, 


Page. 

Psettichthys  melanostictus 440, 477 

Pseudagelseiis 637 

Pseudalibrotus 502 

Pseudammomanes 637 

Pseudanthracia  squainmularis 253 

Pseudemys  rubriventrls 164 

Pseudochondracanthus 436 

diceraus 430, 477 

Pseudocorys 602,637 

Pseudogerygone  rubra 609 

Pseudonigrita 637 

Pseudopodoces 637 

Pseudospennestes 637 

goossensi 637 

Pseudospheniscus 637 

interplanus 637 

Pseudotaon. 637 

Pseudoxenicus 637 

Pseudozosterops 637 

Psilocorsis 189,196 

cryptolechiella 197 

dubitatella 197 

faginella 197 

obsoletella 197 

quercicella 196, 197 

reflexella 197 

Psittacidse 601,619,622,631 

Psittacus  aterrimus 609 

galeatus 602 

pygmseus 622 

Psittparrus 638 

Psophia  crepitans 586 

Pteroclidae 592 

Ptilocorys 602 

Ptilopus?  incognita 648 

Piilosarcus 689 

quadrangularis 682, 684, 689' 

Puffinidae 612,619,639 

Puffmus 638 

flavirostris 638 

Putorius  noveboracensis 576 

Pycnonotidae 585, 

591, 592, 595, 597, 601, 615, 636, 643, 645 

Pyrgitina 638 

americana 401,426 

Pyrocypris 401,426 

Pyrorhamphus 638 

berlepschianus 638 

Pyrrhocorax 638 

Pyrrhula  rhodochlamys 640 

Pytelia  ansorgei 598 

caniceps 627 

Querquedula 638 

Rail-fence  lizard 563 

Rallidae 622 

Ramphalcyon 657,660 

amauroptera 657, 600, 661 

capensis  burmanica 659, 

661,  669,  670,  671,  672, 
673,  675,  677,  678,  679 
capensis..  658,661,663,664, 
665,  667,  668,  670,  671,  672, 
673,  675,  676,  677,  678,  679 

cy  anop  tery  x 659, 

661,664,672, 676,679 

floresi 657 

floresiana 659,661,679 


Page. 

Ramphalcyon  capensis  gigantea 660, 

666, 667, 668, 670 

gouldi 661, 

666, 667, 668, 669,  670 
gurial 659,061,669, 

671.672. 673. 675. 677.679 
hydropliila.  659,661,677,678 
intermedia 659, 

661,666,  667,669, 670 

isoptera 659,661,671, 

672, 674, 675, 676, 679 
javana.  661,666,667,668,670 

javanica 659,665 

malaccensis 659, 

661,676,678, 679 
nesoeca 659, 

661. 673. 674. 675. 676. 679 
simalurensis..  659,  661,  671, 

672,  673,  674,  676,  678,  679 

sodalis 659,661, 

672. 673. 674. 676. 678. 679 

gigantea 658 

gouldi 658 

gurial 658 

intermedia 658 

javana 658 

malaccensis 658 

melanorhyncha  dichrorhyn- 

cha 660, 663 

eutreptorh  yn- 

cha 660,663 

m e 1 a n 0 - 

rhyncha 660, 

/ 661,663 

melanorhynchus 657 

Ramphalcyon  (Pelargopsis).  A Revision  of 
the  Kingfisher  Genus,  by  H.  C.  Oberholser.  657 

Ramphosteon 638 

Rana  catesbeiana 562 

catesbiana 547 

clamitans 546,561 

pipiens 546,561 

Rare  California  Fishes,  Rimicola  eigenmanni 
and  Plagiogrammus  hopkinsi.  Notes  on 

Two,  by  John  Otterbein  Snyder 183 

Rathbun,  Mary  J.  Descriptions  of  Fossil 

Crabs  from  California 341 

Recent  Pentacrinitidae.  The  Axial  Canals  of 

the,  by  A.  H.  Clark 87 

Red  bat 581 

fox 575 

Reguliidse 627 

Rehn,  James  A.  G.  Two  New  Species  of 
Neotropical  Orthoptera  of  the  Family 

Acrididae 395 

Reichenowia 638 

Remarks  on  the  Silicification  of  Fossils.  The 
Formation  of  Geodes,  with,  by  Ray  S. 

Bassler 133 

Remiz 638 

Renggerornis 638 

leucophthalmus 638 

Renilla 587,714 

amethystina 682,684,714 

Renillidae T'. 682,714 

Report  on  the  Ostracoda  of  the  United  States 
National  Museum.  A further,  by  R.  W. 
Sharpe 399 


INDEX. 


753 


Page. 


Eeptiles 562 

Eetropluma 341 

Revision  of  American  Moths  of  the  Family 
CEcophoridae,  with  Descriptions  of  New 

Species.  A Generic,  by  August  Buscli 187 

Revision  of  some  Species  of  Noctuidse  here- 
fore  referred  to  the  Genus  Homoptera  Bois- 

duval,  by  J.  B.  Smith 209 

Revision  of  the  Beyrichiidae,  with  DeseripV 
tions  of  New  Genera.  New  American', 
Paleozoic  Ostracoda.  Preliminary,  by  E. 

O.  Ulrich  and  Ray  S.  Bassler 277 

Revision  of  the  Kingfisher  Genus  Ram- 
phalcyon  (Pelargopsis),  by  H.  C.  Ober- 

holser 657 

Rhacura 72 

pulchera •. 74 

Ehadina 639 

Rhamphosynthlipsis 639 

Rheidae 610 

Rhinichthys  atronasus 549 

Rhipornis 639 

Rhondella 639 

Rhopocichia 639 

Rhopornis 639 

Rhus  glabra 574 

vemix 419 

Rhynchaeites 639 

messelensis 639 

Rhynchodon 639 

Rhynchotrerna  capax 134 

Riacama 639 

caliginea 6.39 

Richardson,  Harriet.  Some  New  Isopoda  of 
the  Superfamily 
Aselloidea  from  the 
Atlantic  Coast  of 

North  America 71 

Some  New  Isopods  of 
the  Family  Gnath- 
iidae  from  the  At- 
lantic Coast  of 
North  America 483 


Richmond,  Charles  W.  Generic  Names  ap- 
plied to  Birds 
during  the  Years 
1901  to  1905,  in- 
clusive, with  fur- 
ther Additions 
to  Waterhouse’s 
‘Hndex  Gene- 
rum  Avium”...  583 

Rimicola  eigenmanni 183, 184, 185 

Rirnicola  eigenmanni  and  Plagiogramnius 
hopkinsi.  Notes  on  Two  Rare  California 

Fishes,  by  .John  Otterl)ein  Snyder 183 

Rimicola  nuiscarum 184 

Ring-neck  snake .5(i4 

Ripaccola 639 

locustella 639 

Ripidicala 640 

Riu  Kiu  Islands.  Descri{)lions  of  Eighteen 
New  Species  and  Two 
New  Genera  of  Fishes 
from  .lapan  and  the, 
l>y  .John  Olterbein 
Snyder ; 9.3 

Proc.  N.  M.  vol  XXXV  08 4(S 


Page 

Rubicilla 640 

Rubricapilla 640 

alnus 640 

Rufipes 640 

vulgaris 640 

Rupicula 640 

albogularis 640 

rufiventris 640 

threnothorax 640 

Ruwenzorornis 640 

Rynchopidae 589,636 

Rynchops 589 

Sabethes  longipes 63 

schausi 63 

tarsopus 62 

Saccharivora 640 

Salangana 640 

Salarias  biseriatus 106, 107 

muscarus 109 

sinuosus 109 

undecimalis 110 

Salix 418 

Salmo  iridens 470 

Salvelinus  mahna 441, 469, 470, 472,  477 

Sapayoa ' 641 

aenigma 641 

Sarracenia  purpurea 419 

Satyra 641 

Saxidomus  gracilis 342 

Say  bat 578 

Scjeorhynchus 6.38 

Scaridse 99 

Sceloporus  undulatus 563 

Schrenia 641 

Scina 490 

Scinidse 490 

Scirpus 418 

Sci  urop  terus  volans ,569 

Sciurus  carolinensis 569 

niger  rufiventer 568 

Scofieldia 314 

bilateralis 314 

ScolopacidfE 596, 603, 618, 625, 633, 639,  (>48 

Scolopax  erythropus ,596 

fusca 596 

glottis 624 

nemoricola 625 

sabini .- 648 

semipalmata 624 

undulata 648 

Scopelocheirus  coecus ,500 

Scop  i dm 597 

Scops 641 

zorca 648 

Scorpus  umbretta 597 

Scutella  breweriana 342 

Sebastodes  glaucus 467,477 

rubrivinctus 439,477 

Seiren 641 

arborea 641 

pratensis 641 

ricardi 641 

rupestris 641 

Seisura 64! 

einerea 641 

Hava 641 

inaculata 641 


754 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Seisura  neglecta G41 

Semioscopis 190,201 

allenella 201 

aurorella 201 

i inornatella 201  I 

megamicrella 201  } 

merriccella 201  | 

packardella 201 

stcinkellneriana 201 

Seiniparus 642 

Sericornis  gutturalis. 627 

Serinus 642 

rend  alii 589 

Sharpe,  Richard  W.  A further  Report  on 
the  Ostracoda  of  the  United  States  National 

Museum 399 

Shells  from  Mexico,  believed  to  be  New.  De- 
scriptions and  Figures  of  some  Land  and 

Fresh-water,  by  W.  IJ.  Dali 177 

Sieberocitta 642 

SilicifiCat  on  of  Fossils.  The  Fonnation  of 
Geodes,  with  Remarks  on  the,  by  Ray  S. 

Bassler 133  ! 

Silvestrius 642 

Siolia 642  j 

spinicauda 642  j 

Siphonalia 346  | 

Siren  lacertina 550  i 

Sitella 625,642  * 

Sitocorax 610,642 

Sitta  chrysoptera 642 

Sittidse 62.5,642 

Sittiparus 636,642 

Skulls  with  Low  Forehead.  New  Examples 

of  American  Indian,  by  Ales  Ilrdlicka 171 

Skunk 576  j 

Slimy  salamander 553 

Small  shrew 577 

Smiliornis 642 

penetrans , 642 

Smith,  John  B.  A Revision  of  some  Species 
of  Noctuidae  heretofore  referred  to  the  Genus 

Ilomoptera  Boisduval 209 

Snapping  turtle 567 

Snyder,  John  Otterbein.  Descriptions  of 


Eighteen 
New  Species 
and  Two  New 
Genera  of 
Fishes  from 
Japan  and  the 
Riu  Kill  Is- 
lands  93 

Notes  on  Two 
Rare  C a 1 i - 
fornia  fishes, 

R i m i c 0 1 a 
eigenmanni 
and  Plagio- 
g r a m m u s 


hopkinsi 183 

Solenolambrus 7 346 

Some  New  Isopoda  of  the  Supepfamily  Ase!- 
loidea  from  the  Atlantic  Coast  of  North 

America,  by  Harriet  Richardson 71 

Sparvius  ruficollis 645 


93 


431 


209 


367 


Base 

Spatula  clypeata 400.414 

Species.  A Generic  Revision  of  American 
Moths  of  the  Famil}^  QHcophoridne,  with  De- 
scriptions of  New,  by  August  Busck 187 

Species  and  Two  New  Genera  of  Fislies  from 
Japan  and  the  Riu  Kiu  Islands.  Descrip- 
tions of  Eighteen  New,  by  John  Otterbein 

Snyder 

Species.  North  American  Parasitic  Cope- 
pods:  A List  of  those  found  uiion  the  Fishes 
of  the  Pacific  Coast,  with  Di'scrijitions  of 
New  Genera  and,  by  Charles  Branch  Wilson 
Species  of  Carnivorous  Dinosaurs,  with  spe- 
cial Reference  to  Ceratosaiirus  nasicornis 
Marsh.  On  certain  Genera  and,  by  Oliver 

P-  Hay 351 

Species  of  Neotropical  Orthojitera  of  the  Fam- 
ily Acrididae.  Two  New,  by  James  A.  G. 

Rehn 395 

Species  of  Noctuidae  heretofore  referred  to  the 
Genus  Ilomoptera  Boisduval.  A Revision 

of  some,  by  J.  B.  Smith 

Species  of  North  American  Crambid  Moths. 

Descriptions  of  New,  by  W.  D.  Kearfott... 
Species  of  North  American  Fossil  Turtles, 

Four  of  which  are  New.  Descriptions  of 

Five,  by  Oliver  P.  ITay 161 

Species.  The  Amphipoda  collected  by  the 
U.  S.  Bureau  of  Fisheries  Steamer  Alba- 
tross off  the  West  Coast  of  North  America, 
in  1903  and  1904,  with  Descriptions  of  a New 
Family  and  several  New  Genera  and,  by 

Samuel  J.  Holmes 489 

Spelerpes  bislineatus 556 

longicaudus 555 

maculicaudus 546, 555, 548 

Spermologa 642 

Spheniscidae 589, 590, 591, 

608, 611, 615, 616, 621,624, 628, 629, 630, 637, 647 

Spilornis  bacha 592 

Spiny  soft-shelled  turtle 567 

Spirocypris 400,406 

passaica 400,407 

tuberculata 400,405,406 

Spizites ■ ■. 642 

Spizocorys  personata 586 

Spotted  salamander 552 

Spreading  adder 564 

Spreo  albicapillus 635 

Stachyptilidae 682,708 

Stachyptilum 70S 

quadridentatum 682,684,709 

superbum 682,684,708 

Steamer  Albatross  off  the  West  Coast  of 
North  America,  in  1903  and  1904,  with  De- 
scriptions of  a New  Family  and  several  New 
Genera  and  Species.  The  Amphipoda  col- 
lected by  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Fisheries,  by 

Samuel  J.  Holmes ■ 489 

Steganura 643 

Stelgidocichia 643 

Stellerocitta <>13 

Stenogorgia 723 

kofoidi 683,684,724 

StercorariidiE 635 

Stereolepis  gigas 440,477 


INDEX, 


755 


Page. 

Stereornithes 592, 608 

Sterna 598 

albifrons 598 

eantiaea 598 


caspia. 


598 

dougalli 598 

hirundo 598 

minuta 598 

nigra v 598 

Steusloffia \ 289 

Stictornis .\ 643 

Stilipcdidse 535 

Stilipes 536 

distincta 489,536 

Stipituropsis 643 

Stipiturus 643 

Stone  lemming  mouse 570 

Stoparola 643 

Storer  snake 565 

Storeria  occipito-maculata 565 

Streptostyla 178 

bartschii 178, 180 

jilitlana 179 

toyuca 179,180 

Strepula 277,284 

lineata 296 

lunatifera 306 

reticulata 297 

simplex 286 

Strigidae 591, 594, 611, 612, 628, 648 

Striped  tree-frog 558 

Strix  alba 647 

flammea 647 

nivea 612/ 

nyctea 612 

tengmalmi 604 

Stroparola  luctuosa ,643 

Struthio  casuarius 597 

Struthiones 592,608 

Struthus / 643 

Strychnos 643- 

Study  in  the  W.  L.  Abbott  Collections.  Vo- 
cabulary of  Malaysian  Basketwork:  by 

Otis  T.  Mason J 1 

Sturnidae 591, 607, 611„621, 635, 636 

Sturnus  cinclus ./  585, 599, 614 

Stylatula ,! 699,701 

elongata L.  682, 684, 699 

Stylatulidae 1. 682, 698 

Superfamily  Aselloidea  from  the  / Atlantic 
('oast  of  North  America.  Soine/Ne-w  Iso- 

poda  of  the,  by  Harriet  Richardson 71 

Surattha j 369,370 

indcntclla / 372 

santella .i. 371 

Sycoluotus  insignis ! 632 

Sylosella / 643 

Sylvia  baeticata / 626 

niis 1 613 

herbicola / 599 

luscinia J. 619 

paludicola / .596 

palustris 613 

Philadelphia 599 

phragmitis 613 


Page. 

Sylvia  rufa 639 

Sylvicola 643 

Sylviidae 589,596,601,604,605, 

609, 612, 616, 619, 626, 627, 632, 634, 639, 646, 648 

Sylvilagus  floridanus  mearnsi 547,574 

Symphoricarpos  symphoricarpos 574 

Sympodium 686 

armatum 682,684,686 

Syirallaxis  cururuvi 593 

niflcapilla 593 

Synaphe 278,320,322 

Synaptomys  cooperi  stonei 568, 570 

Tachynautes 644 

Tadorna 644 

Taeniotriccus 644 

andrei 644 

Taenioptera  erythropygia 600 

striaticollis 627 

Tamarrha 190,204 

bittenella 205 

delliella ■. 205 

niveosella 205 

Tamias  striatus 569 

Tamphalcyon  capensis 658 

Tanagra 644 

albirostris 644 

leucocephala 593 

tatao 644 

Tangaridse 593, 594, 606, 616, 625, 644 

Tantalus  falcinellus 607 

Tapera 644 

brasiliensis 644 

Teleoceras  fossi  ger 166 

Teleornis 645 

impressus 645 

Telesto 685 

ambigua 682,684,686 

rigida : 682, 684, 685 

Temia : (>45 

Terebratalia  occidentalis 342 

Terenotriccus 645 

Tereronidae 631 

Terrapene  Carolina 167, 168, 547, 567 

longinsulae 166,168 

ornata 167,168 

Tersina  caerulea 598 

Testudo  orthopygia 166 

Tetema 645 

Tetradella 277, 306.. 313 

allinis 306 

Imhemica .306 

bussacensis 306 

carinata ■ .306 

complicata .306 

decorat  a .30t> 

digitata 306 

erratica • .306 

harpa 306 

(Kiesowia)  dissecta .306 

mainillosa .306 

radians .307 

lacunata .306 

lunatifera 306 

marchica 30ti 

anguslata .306 


756 


INDEX, 


Page. 


Tet  radel  la  march  ica  lata ■ 306 

palmata 306  ^ 

quadrilirata 307 

var.  simplex 307  j 

riheiriana 307 

simplex 307 

suhquadrans 307 

Tetrao  alchata 592 

arborea 596 

francolinus 610 

gibraltaricus 628 

Tetraonidse 596, 605, 608, 640, 645 

Tetri  X 645 

niger 645 

sylvicola 645 

Thamnophilus  cyanocephalus 600 

punctatus 584 

(Silvestrius)  flavescens 642 

Thamnophis  sirtalis 566 

Thapsinillas 645 

Thaiimantias 645 

Thaumasius 645 

Thaumatocrinus 113, 128 

Thaumatopsis  atomosella 386, 388 

coloradella 386 

crenulatella 386, 389 

edonis 386 

fernaldella 386 

gibsonella 387 

magnifica 386 

nortella 386 

pectinifer 386 

pexella 386,391 

repanda 386,390 

striatella 386 

Theropoda 362 

Thescelocichla 645 

Thrasyaccipiter  — 645 

seminoctumis 645 

Thrasys 646 

Thryorchilus 646 

Tiaris 598 

Tiger  salamander 552 

Tiliomis 646 

senex 646 

Timaliidae 586, 

593, 594, 613, 614, 615, 616, 624, 625, 636, 637, 642 

Timber  wolf 576 

Tinamulus 646 

decoloratur 646 

paludum 646 

virescens 646 

Titiza 646 

lightfooti 646 

Tityra  viridis / 593 

Toad J 557 

Todirhamphus 646 

pectoralis.- 646 

ruficeps. 646 

■ Todirostrum  ecaudatum/ 631 

Tolmarchus 646 

Torgos , 646 

Totanus 596 

stagnatilis 596 

Trachodon 357 


Page. 

Trachyphonus  vaillantii 636 

Tragopan 046 

Trebinae 447 

Trebiuus  tenuifiireatus 447 

Treleudytcs 647 

crassa 647 

Treposella 292,314 

lyoni 292,314,315 

Treronidse 589, 601 , 623, 648 

Triakis  semifasciatum 450 

Trichites 595 

Trichophorus  icterinus 591 

notatus '.  615 

Trichostoma 586 

Triclonella 187, 190, 203 

determinatella 203 

pergandeella 203 

Trigonia  evansiana 349 

leana 349 

Tringa  arenaria 003 

fulicaria 588 

glacialis 588 

glareola 590 

hypoleucos 590 

leucophaea 603 

morinella 599 

ochropus 590 

temminckii 633 

Trionyx  spiniferus 507 

Trochilidae 580, 589, 001, 621, 645 

Trochilus  longirostris 589 

Troglodytes 029 

aMon 629 

browni 646 

Troglodytidae 624, 627, 029, 040 

Trogon  antisianus 590 

neoxenus 609 

Trogonidae 580, 609, 612 

Tropical  America.  Descriptions  of  some  New 
Mosquitoes  from,  by  II.  G.  Dyar  and  Fred- 
erick Knab 53 

Tropiometra 120 

Trygonoides 647 

capensis 647 

Tryphanidae 490 

Tryphosa 498 

* coeea 490 

Turdidae 585, 001, 606, 610, 612, 617, 627, 631, 634 

Turdus  aurantius 612 

azureus 627 

citrinus 610 

longirostris 601 

roseus 583, 015, 021 

Turnicidse 628 

Turritella  ocoyana 346 

pescaderoensis 349 

Turtles,  Four  of  which  are  New.  Descriptions 
of  Five  Species  of  North  American  Fossil, 

by  Oliver  P.  Hay 161 

Two-lined  triton 556 


Two  New  Genera  of  Fishes  from  Japan  and 
the  Riu  Kill  Islands.  Descriptions  of 
Eighteen  New  Species  and,  by  John  Otter- 
bein  Snyder 93 


INDEX. 


t 0 i 


Page. 

Two  New  Species  of  Neotropical  Orthoptera 
of  the  Family  Acrididae,  by  J.  A.  G.  Rehn.  395 

Two  Rare  California  Fishes,  Rimicola  eigen- 
manni  and  Plagiogrammus  hopkinsi. 

Notes  on,  by  John  Otterbein  Snyder 183 

Tyrannidae 585,590,592,600, 

603,  623, 627,  631, 632,  633, 638,  644,  645, 646,  647 

Tyrannopsis 647 

Tyrannula  phoenicura 623 

Tyrannulus  semiflavus 622 

Tyto 647 

Uintacrinus 125 

Ulrich,  Edward  O.,  and  Ray  S.  Bassler. 

New  American  Paleozoic  Ostracoda.  Pre- 
liminary Revision  of  the  Beyrichiidae,  with 

Descriptions  of  New  Genera 277 

LTrichia , 278,316 

confluens 323 

Umbellula 710 

huxleyi 682, 684, 711 

loma.' 682,684,712 

magniflora 682,684,710,712,713 

Urnbellulidae 682,710 

United  States  National  Museum.  A further 
Report  on  the  Ostracoda  of  the,  by  R.  W. 

Sharpe 399 

Upupidae 608 

Uria  wumizusume 639 

U rocyon  cinerereoargenteus 575  • 

Urolais 647 

marise 647 

Urolophus  halleri 447 

Uscodys 367 

cestalis - 368,369 

U tricularia -. 418 

Vaccinium  corymbosum yi 419 

Vaginalis  alba y- 600 

Valettiopsis ./ 489, 494 

dentatus ./ 495 

Vanellochettusia 647 

Venilia /. 192 

albapalpella y , 193 

V ergia  solanorum V. 593 

V^'ertebrates  of  the  Indira  University  Farm, 
Mitchell,  Indiana.  /Notes  on  the  Mammals 

and  Cold-bloodedyr)y  Walter  L.  Hahn .545 

Vibilia  californica/ 490 

Vibiliidse / 490 

Viguacarbo 647 

Virginia  eleg^s 563 

sna^c 563 

Virgularia /longata 699 

'fmmarchica 705 

gracilis 700,701 

grandi  flora 710 

Virgi^laridae 682,704 

Vimibucco 647 

Vocabulary  of  Malaysian  Bask(>twork: 

Study  in  the  W.  L.  Abbott  Collections,  l>y 
Otis  T.  Mason 1 


Page. 

Vulpesfulvus 575 

Vultur  auricularis 646 

gryphus 611 

serpentarius 612 

tracheliotus 646 

V ulturidae ...581, 6.30 

Waterhouse’s  ‘Hndex  Genenim  Avium.” 
Generic  Names  applied  to  Birds  durjhg  the 
Years  1901  to  1905,  inclusive,  wi^  further 

Additions  to,  by  C.  W.  Richmond .583 

Wea.sel yt'. .576 

West  Coast  of  North  Ameri^,  in  1903  and 
1904,  with  Descriptions  okm  New  Family 
and  several  New  Genera/nd  Species.  The 
Amphipoda  collected  by  the  U.  S,  Bureau 
of  Fisheries  Steamer/' Albatross  ” off  the, 

by  Samuel  J.  HolmCs 489 

Western  painted  to/toise 567 

White-footed  mouse 573 

Wilson,  Charles  Branch,  North  American 
Parasitic  Copepods:  a List  of  those  found 
upon  the.-  Fishes  of  the  Pacific  Coast,  with 
Descriptions  of  New  Genera  and  Species. . . 431 

Woodchuck 569 

Wyeomyia  abascanta 1 65 

,/  abebela 67 

/ abia 67 

/ ablabes 66 

ablechra 66 

andropus 68 

argyrura 70 

baria 69 

clasoleuca 68,69 

d junodora 68 

gynsecopus 66 

mataea 70 

megalodora 69 

sororcula 70 

Xanthopsar 647 

Xen  isthmus 105 

proriger 105 

Xenocichla  nigriceps .591 

Xen  ops .589 

Xenorhynehopsis 648 

minor 648 

tibialis 618 

Xenolreron 648 

Xiphornis 648 

Xyloeota 64S 

Yoldia  impressa 34.5 

Ypsia  aeruginosa 233 

undularis 231 

Yp.solophus  trimaculellus 191 

Zalehorrida 262,270 

Zalochelidon 618 

Zelica 648 

troehilus 618 

Zorca., 648 

arborea 618 

Zosteropidae 637 


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